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Geriatrics 6,7,8,10 > 6,7,8,10 > Flashcards

6,7,8,10 Flashcards

1
Q

____ is the absence of disease

A

Health

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2
Q

____ is the incentive to take action based on needs and desire causing one to act

A

Motivation

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3
Q

_____ is any significant bonding in which a person feels a strong sense of responsibility toward a physical and emotional welfare

A

Relationships

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4
Q

___ means stress that is harmful

A

Distress

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5
Q

___ involves accepting personal responsibility for ones own health,
Adopting a healthy lifestyle: fitness, relaxation, and nutrition, and learns to make changes you choose to accomplish things you wanna do

A

Self care

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6
Q

_____ _____ means that the older adult does not solely rely on their spouse, children, physician, or nurse to determine what to do in order to be healthy

A

Self responsibility

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7
Q

____ emphasizes the need for encouraging individuals to take a more active role in maintaining or improving their health

A

Self care

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8
Q 
What components of focus in most health promotion activities 
1.
2. 
3. 
4.
A
  1. Life extension, pre mature death
  2. preventing aging
  3. Preventing chronic disease 50% of young old have a chronic disease
    4 self responsibility
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9
Q

Identify the incentives of the older adult to participate in health promotion (there’s four)

A
  1. A belief that activities improve fitness and health
  2. Enjoyment of socialization
  3. Activities to help maintain independence
  4. Desire to feel good and have fun
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10
Q

____ conditions is fast occurring but curable

A

Acute

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11
Q

____ is longterm, we treat and manage it.

A

Chronic

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12
Q

*you have to be old to have muscular degeneration and can’t see central vision

A

Know

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13
Q

degenerative condition affecting the central part of the retina (the macula) and resulting in distortion or loss of central vision is called

A

Muscular degeneration

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14
Q

What are the nurses role in treatment strategies (pain) and admin prescribed meds and also the persons ability to perform ADLS

A

Know

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15
Q

Identify four changes that occur with aging that affect needs for optimal nutrition.

A
  1. Metabolism BMR slows down, decrease calories
  2. Taste & smell
  3. Social aspects of eating
  4. Environmental factors
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16
Q

What are some benefits of exercise

A
  1. Stimulates the mind
  2. Physically active=mentally active
  3. Maintains fitness
    4 prevents or slows down prevention of disease
  4. Generally improves quality of life
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17
Q

What are three stressors for elderly

A
  1. Environment
  2. Body
  3. Mind
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18
Q

Identity some stress related problems

A

Stomach pain, hypertension, headaches, heart disease, and cancer

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19
Q

Alcohol impairs mental alertness, judgement, physical coordination? And reaction time.

A

Know

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20
Q

_____ can cause an increased chance of heart attack as a result of strenuous activity

A

Hypothermia

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21
Q 
Signs of \_\_\_\_ are 
Body temp higher than 103F 
Abnormal confusion 
Headache 
Heavy sweating 
Pallor 
Tachycardia 
Fatigue
Dizziness
Muscle cramps
Nausea
Rapid shallow breathing*
A

Hyperthermia

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22
Q 
signs of \_\_\_\_ are 
Shivering
Rapid breathing
Increased heart rate 
Memory loss
Increased blood pressure
Slurred speech 
Decreased responses 
Mental and physical 
Increased lethargy or fatigue
A

Hypothermia

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23
Q 
Concerns for LGBT persons are 
Denial of or inferior health care 
Bullying both physical and emotional
Societal alienation 
Partner visitation rights 
Partner rights in end of life decisions
A

Know these

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24
Q

Emergency situations in an older adults home:

  1. Fire, in home setting-cooking, electrical malfunction, smoking, or an open flame
  2. Flooding, in home setting-result of frozen pipes in the winter.
  3. Carbon monoxide poisoning- most common with fires, present with gas leaks in living environments. (It’s colorless and odorless so often undetected before causing fatalities)
A

Know

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25
Q

Food poisoning is also another preventable emergency situation from medical toxicity, typically with dementia patients due to indigestion if spoiled foods or drinks or improper consumption of meds

A

Know

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26
Q

The most important step to ensure safety is ____

A

Communication

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27
Q

Next it is important for the nurse to listen for potential indicators for safety breaches and then follow up

Third the nurse should be aware of the community resources to promote safety for client

A

Know these

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28
Q

These factors contribute to falls in elderly
1. Musculoskeletal-weakening, unsteady
2. Neurological neuropathy
3. Sensory loss-masculine degeneration
4. Cardiovascular-orthostatic hypotension
5. Cognition-slowed reaction time
6 nutrition and dehydration- fluctuations in B.S. and dehydration causing dizziness

A

Know

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29
Q

Chewing

A

Mastication

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30
Q

____ help with water balance and immunity

A

Proteins

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31
Q

When collecting urine for lab testing include creatine, albumin, transferrin, prealbumin of retinol binding protein and BUN to test for ____ balance

A

Nitrogen

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32
Q

A system of excess Vitamin ___ is a yellowish orange skin color

A

A

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33
Q

Vitamin ___ is a fat soluble vitamin that comes from animals and plant sources

A

a

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34
Q

Fat soluble vitamins include 1. 2. 3. 4.

A

A,D,E,K

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35
Q

Vitamin ____ is for good vision, growth, and immune system

A

Vitamin A

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36
Q

Where is vitamin a stored?

A

Adipose tissue

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37
Q

Vitamin ___ are water soluble

A

B

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38
Q

Vitamin ___ (thiamine) is necessary for the nervous system to function correctly to help older adults have an appetite

A

B1

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39
Q

Thiamine rich foods include __

A

Whole grain and enriched breads, eggs, meats, leafy green veggies, milk products

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40
Q

Vitamin ___ (riboflavin) is essential in building and maintaining healthy tissue

A

Vitamin B2

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41
Q

Vitamin ___ (niacin) is essential in maintaining a healthy nervous system and preventing dementia

A

B3

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42
Q

Vitamin ___ (pyridoxine) assists in metabolism and use of glycogen that has been as a fuel. Required for brain activity and normal functioning of central nervous system and promotes healthy skin

A

B6

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43
Q

Vitamin ____ (cobalamin) is essential for the production of hgb and for proper nervous system function. Anemia and GI and neuro changes can result from insufficient amounts of this.

A

B12

44
Q

___ is the most naturally occurring form of folic acid and rarely founds in foods but is a supplement of vitamins and fortified foods

A

Folate

45
Q

Low ___ is associated with poor cognitive development

A

Folate

46
Q

____ is difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

47
Q

___ is the most prevalent mineral found in the body, bones and teeth are primarily composed of this.

A

Calcium

48
Q

___is a mineral that is required for blood clotting, muscle and nerve activity, digestion, and maintenance of blood pressure

A

Calcium

49
Q

___ can occur if there is a calcium deficiency

A

Osteoporosis

50
Q

High phosphorus levels can be seen in people with severe ___ ____

A

Kidney disease

51
Q

____ deficiencies occur with alcohol abuse and diabetes

A

Magnesium

52
Q

____ is responsible for maintaining water balance in the body and is necessary for glucose activity and nerve and muscle function

A

Sodium

53
Q

If a person drinks a lot of anti aspirin and will lower phosphorus level and they have weakness and no appetite

A

Know

54
Q

___ is found in the body’s tissues and fluids and is important in digestion and maintaining water balance

A

Chloride

55
Q

Excess sodium may cause ____ in some people and edema in people with kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and cirrhosis of the liver

A

Hypertension

56
Q

Macrominerals are needed in greater amounts than microminerals and are essential for the body

A

Know

57
Q

____ can be a completion of vitamin K deficiency so individuals taking blood thinner need to be monitored

A

Hemorrhaging

58
Q

____ ____ are the best sources of vitamin E

A

Vegetable oils

59
Q

Vitamin ___ is also known as ascorbic acid and is water soluble and cannot be stored by the body

A

C

60
Q

___ is found in the body fluids and is responsible for building muscle, metabolic activity, electrical activity and regulation of acid base balance

A

Potassium

61
Q

Someone who has ___ May have muscle weakness or abnormal heart rhythms and can be caused by diuretics and can cause severe heart arrhythmia

A

Potassium (hypokalemia)

62
Q

Excess ___ may increase the risk of infections, kidney damage, and joint disease

A

Iron FE

63
Q

____ is essential for wound healing and it aids in metabolic and immune functions

A

Zinc

64
Q

Deficits in ___ May cause abnormal glucose tolerance, impaired wound healing, weight loss and diarrhea and to much of this can cause anemia vomiting and renal failure and malabsorption of calcium dizziness and muscle pain

A

Zinc

65
Q

___ is needed for metabolism, Normal thyroid function, and the production of thyroid hormones

A

Iodine

66
Q

____ is needed for normal thyroid production.

A

Iodine

67
Q

____ has a role in bone and dental integrity. And the main source is water. To much of this can damage bones

A

Fluoride

68
Q

Older adults are at risk for dehydration because of inadequate fluid intake, not feeling thirsty, perspiration and Dementia.

A

Know

69
Q

____ are made up in the body’s dilution of electrolytes and plasma proteins

A

Minerals

70
Q

Proteins are made up of ___ ____

A

Amino acids

71
Q

___ are the building blocks of the body. Necessary for building and repairing the body tissue

A

Proteins

72
Q

____ proteins contain amino acids that make up the hair, muscles, tendons and skin

A

Structural proteins

73
Q

___ proteins help the body perform the activities that keep the body alive as moving oxygen through circulatory state

A

Functional proteins

74
Q

____ liquid diets are foods that are liquid at room temp and are see through

A

Clear liquid diet

75
Q

____ liquid diet are composed of the foods included in the clear liquid diet with the addition of foods that are liquid at room temp but not necessarily clear

A

Full liquid

76
Q

Foods in the ___ diet include those from a regular diet that hVe been notified for people who have difficulty chewing foods because of improperly fitting dentures or sore gums

A

Soft diet

77
Q

_____ diets are a diabetic diet or a low sodium diet for a person with hypertension. Fluid restrictions may be necessary for patients with CKD

A

Therapeutic diets

78
Q

____ diet is used to treat a disease

A

Therapeutic diet

79
Q

Fluids lost as a result of vomiting, diarrhea, excessive perspiration, or urination will cause the body to potentially be in ____ imbalance

A

Electrolyte

80
Q

____ is the main component of the body and has a vital role in maintaining body temperature. Serves as a transport for nutrients and waste and lubricate body parts. Also a solvent for chemical process

A

Water

81
Q

_____ means blood clotting

A

Manganese

82
Q

____ for hgb & partners with iron for Hgb

A

Copper

83
Q

Electrolytes and plasma proteins must be kept in balance to maintain healthy body functions

A

Know

84
Q

___ is essential to the formation of body cells and hemoglobin. Can be found in green leafy vegetables, dried beans, and peas, organ foods, and orange juice

A

Folate

85
Q

___ anemia causes poor hgb and pale skin

A

Pernicious anemia

86
Q

To much vitamin ___ means a blood clot can happen

A

Vitamin K

87
Q

___ protein comes from animal sources and contains essential and non essential amino acids

A

Complete protein

88
Q

Age, gender, chronic disease, fevers, infections, burns, fractured are factors in determining the need for added protein for the body’s maintenance and repair

A

Know

89
Q

___ balance of nitrogen indicates there are adequate sources of protein for the body to use to build and repair tissue

A

Positive balance of nitrogen

90
Q

___ balance of nitrogen indicates wasting of muscle tissues and impairment of body organs and their functions

A

Negative nitrogen balance

91
Q

____ ____ are those that the body breaks down slowly and that sustain energy over a longer period.

A

Complex carbohydrates

92
Q

____ ___ are easier for the body to digest and provide a source of quick energy

A

Simple carbohydrates

93
Q

Simple carbs come from milk and foods high in sugar content and are a quick source of energy

A

Know

94
Q

____ improves the functioning of the heart and lungs, the musculoskeletal system and digestive system and excretory systems provide the feeling of self satisfaction

A

Exercise

95
Q

When older people do not exercise they are subject to osteoporosis, joint immobility, indigestion, constipation, pneumonia, weakened cardiac and other muscles, pressure ulcers and the depression and insomnia, and boredom

A

Know

96
Q

Because of the number of chronic diseases older people have they may be unable to test due to pain or stress over their diseases.

They key to managing the test needs of older people is to identify their needs

A common reason people are unable to rest s because they have pain keeping them awake … it needs to be identified and managed

A

Know

97
Q

Narcotics are most effective ATC (around the clock) *this is best method

A

Know

98
Q

Results of falls include

  1. fear of falling
  2. Sedentary behavior
  3. Impaired function
  4. Lower quality of life
A

Know

99
Q

___ is relaxation to deeper and deeper sleep

A

NREM sleep

100
Q

____ is the deepest sleep “healing sleep

A

REM sleep

101
Q

___ is difficulty going to sleep or staying asleep

A

Insomnia

102
Q

____ ___ causes insomnia

A

Nocturnal movement

103
Q

____ ____ sudden movement, kicking in sleep

A

Nocturnal myoclonus

104
Q

Ways to keep older adults active

A

Endurance, balanced training, muscle strength, flexibility

105
Q

Medication for sleep may have the paradoxical effect keeping the client up all night

A

Know

106
Q

The ____ ____ ___ controls the sleep wake patterns

A

Central nervous system

Geriatrics 6,7,8,10 (2 decks)

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