6,7,8,10 Flashcards
____ is the absence of disease
Health
____ is the incentive to take action based on needs and desire causing one to act
Motivation
_____ is any significant bonding in which a person feels a strong sense of responsibility toward a physical and emotional welfare
Relationships
___ means stress that is harmful
Distress
___ involves accepting personal responsibility for ones own health,
Adopting a healthy lifestyle: fitness, relaxation, and nutrition, and learns to make changes you choose to accomplish things you wanna do
Self care
_____ _____ means that the older adult does not solely rely on their spouse, children, physician, or nurse to determine what to do in order to be healthy
Self responsibility
____ emphasizes the need for encouraging individuals to take a more active role in maintaining or improving their health
Self care
What components of focus in most health promotion activities 1. 2. 3. 4.
- Life extension, pre mature death
- preventing aging
- Preventing chronic disease 50% of young old have a chronic disease
4 self responsibility
Identify the incentives of the older adult to participate in health promotion (there’s four)
- A belief that activities improve fitness and health
- Enjoyment of socialization
- Activities to help maintain independence
- Desire to feel good and have fun
____ conditions is fast occurring but curable
Acute
____ is longterm, we treat and manage it.
Chronic
*you have to be old to have muscular degeneration and can’t see central vision
Know
degenerative condition affecting the central part of the retina (the macula) and resulting in distortion or loss of central vision is called
Muscular degeneration
What are the nurses role in treatment strategies (pain) and admin prescribed meds and also the persons ability to perform ADLS
Know
Identify four changes that occur with aging that affect needs for optimal nutrition.
- Metabolism BMR slows down, decrease calories
- Taste & smell
- Social aspects of eating
- Environmental factors
What are some benefits of exercise
- Stimulates the mind
- Physically active=mentally active
- Maintains fitness
4 prevents or slows down prevention of disease - Generally improves quality of life
What are three stressors for elderly
- Environment
- Body
- Mind
Identity some stress related problems
Stomach pain, hypertension, headaches, heart disease, and cancer
Alcohol impairs mental alertness, judgement, physical coordination? And reaction time.
Know
_____ can cause an increased chance of heart attack as a result of strenuous activity
Hypothermia
Signs of \_\_\_\_ are Body temp higher than 103F Abnormal confusion Headache Heavy sweating Pallor Tachycardia Fatigue Dizziness Muscle cramps Nausea Rapid shallow breathing*
Hyperthermia
signs of \_\_\_\_ are Shivering Rapid breathing Increased heart rate Memory loss Increased blood pressure Slurred speech Decreased responses Mental and physical Increased lethargy or fatigue
Hypothermia
Concerns for LGBT persons are Denial of or inferior health care Bullying both physical and emotional Societal alienation Partner visitation rights Partner rights in end of life decisions
Know these
Emergency situations in an older adults home:
- Fire, in home setting-cooking, electrical malfunction, smoking, or an open flame
- Flooding, in home setting-result of frozen pipes in the winter.
- Carbon monoxide poisoning- most common with fires, present with gas leaks in living environments. (It’s colorless and odorless so often undetected before causing fatalities)
Know
Food poisoning is also another preventable emergency situation from medical toxicity, typically with dementia patients due to indigestion if spoiled foods or drinks or improper consumption of meds
Know
The most important step to ensure safety is ____
Communication
Next it is important for the nurse to listen for potential indicators for safety breaches and then follow up
Third the nurse should be aware of the community resources to promote safety for client
Know these
These factors contribute to falls in elderly
1. Musculoskeletal-weakening, unsteady
2. Neurological neuropathy
3. Sensory loss-masculine degeneration
4. Cardiovascular-orthostatic hypotension
5. Cognition-slowed reaction time
6 nutrition and dehydration- fluctuations in B.S. and dehydration causing dizziness
Know
Chewing
Mastication
____ help with water balance and immunity
Proteins
When collecting urine for lab testing include creatine, albumin, transferrin, prealbumin of retinol binding protein and BUN to test for ____ balance
Nitrogen
A system of excess Vitamin ___ is a yellowish orange skin color
A
Vitamin ___ is a fat soluble vitamin that comes from animals and plant sources
a
Fat soluble vitamins include 1. 2. 3. 4.
A,D,E,K
Vitamin ____ is for good vision, growth, and immune system
Vitamin A
Where is vitamin a stored?
Adipose tissue
Vitamin ___ are water soluble
B
Vitamin ___ (thiamine) is necessary for the nervous system to function correctly to help older adults have an appetite
B1
Thiamine rich foods include __
Whole grain and enriched breads, eggs, meats, leafy green veggies, milk products
Vitamin ___ (riboflavin) is essential in building and maintaining healthy tissue
Vitamin B2
Vitamin ___ (niacin) is essential in maintaining a healthy nervous system and preventing dementia
B3
Vitamin ___ (pyridoxine) assists in metabolism and use of glycogen that has been as a fuel. Required for brain activity and normal functioning of central nervous system and promotes healthy skin
B6
Vitamin ____ (cobalamin) is essential for the production of hgb and for proper nervous system function. Anemia and GI and neuro changes can result from insufficient amounts of this.
B12
___ is the most naturally occurring form of folic acid and rarely founds in foods but is a supplement of vitamins and fortified foods
Folate
Low ___ is associated with poor cognitive development
Folate
____ is difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia
___ is the most prevalent mineral found in the body, bones and teeth are primarily composed of this.
Calcium
___is a mineral that is required for blood clotting, muscle and nerve activity, digestion, and maintenance of blood pressure
Calcium
___ can occur if there is a calcium deficiency
Osteoporosis
High phosphorus levels can be seen in people with severe ___ ____
Kidney disease
____ deficiencies occur with alcohol abuse and diabetes
Magnesium
____ is responsible for maintaining water balance in the body and is necessary for glucose activity and nerve and muscle function
Sodium
If a person drinks a lot of anti aspirin and will lower phosphorus level and they have weakness and no appetite
Know
___ is found in the body’s tissues and fluids and is important in digestion and maintaining water balance
Chloride
Excess sodium may cause ____ in some people and edema in people with kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and cirrhosis of the liver
Hypertension
Macrominerals are needed in greater amounts than microminerals and are essential for the body
Know
____ can be a completion of vitamin K deficiency so individuals taking blood thinner need to be monitored
Hemorrhaging
____ ____ are the best sources of vitamin E
Vegetable oils
Vitamin ___ is also known as ascorbic acid and is water soluble and cannot be stored by the body
C
___ is found in the body fluids and is responsible for building muscle, metabolic activity, electrical activity and regulation of acid base balance
Potassium
Someone who has ___ May have muscle weakness or abnormal heart rhythms and can be caused by diuretics and can cause severe heart arrhythmia
Potassium (hypokalemia)
Excess ___ may increase the risk of infections, kidney damage, and joint disease
Iron FE
____ is essential for wound healing and it aids in metabolic and immune functions
Zinc
Deficits in ___ May cause abnormal glucose tolerance, impaired wound healing, weight loss and diarrhea and to much of this can cause anemia vomiting and renal failure and malabsorption of calcium dizziness and muscle pain
Zinc
___ is needed for metabolism, Normal thyroid function, and the production of thyroid hormones
Iodine
____ is needed for normal thyroid production.
Iodine
____ has a role in bone and dental integrity. And the main source is water. To much of this can damage bones
Fluoride
Older adults are at risk for dehydration because of inadequate fluid intake, not feeling thirsty, perspiration and Dementia.
Know
____ are made up in the body’s dilution of electrolytes and plasma proteins
Minerals
Proteins are made up of ___ ____
Amino acids
___ are the building blocks of the body. Necessary for building and repairing the body tissue
Proteins
____ proteins contain amino acids that make up the hair, muscles, tendons and skin
Structural proteins
___ proteins help the body perform the activities that keep the body alive as moving oxygen through circulatory state
Functional proteins
____ liquid diets are foods that are liquid at room temp and are see through
Clear liquid diet
____ liquid diet are composed of the foods included in the clear liquid diet with the addition of foods that are liquid at room temp but not necessarily clear
Full liquid
Foods in the ___ diet include those from a regular diet that hVe been notified for people who have difficulty chewing foods because of improperly fitting dentures or sore gums
Soft diet
_____ diets are a diabetic diet or a low sodium diet for a person with hypertension. Fluid restrictions may be necessary for patients with CKD
Therapeutic diets
____ diet is used to treat a disease
Therapeutic diet
Fluids lost as a result of vomiting, diarrhea, excessive perspiration, or urination will cause the body to potentially be in ____ imbalance
Electrolyte
____ is the main component of the body and has a vital role in maintaining body temperature. Serves as a transport for nutrients and waste and lubricate body parts. Also a solvent for chemical process
Water
_____ means blood clotting
Manganese
____ for hgb & partners with iron for Hgb
Copper
Electrolytes and plasma proteins must be kept in balance to maintain healthy body functions
Know
___ is essential to the formation of body cells and hemoglobin. Can be found in green leafy vegetables, dried beans, and peas, organ foods, and orange juice
Folate
___ anemia causes poor hgb and pale skin
Pernicious anemia
To much vitamin ___ means a blood clot can happen
Vitamin K
___ protein comes from animal sources and contains essential and non essential amino acids
Complete protein
Age, gender, chronic disease, fevers, infections, burns, fractured are factors in determining the need for added protein for the body’s maintenance and repair
Know
___ balance of nitrogen indicates there are adequate sources of protein for the body to use to build and repair tissue
Positive balance of nitrogen
___ balance of nitrogen indicates wasting of muscle tissues and impairment of body organs and their functions
Negative nitrogen balance
____ ____ are those that the body breaks down slowly and that sustain energy over a longer period.
Complex carbohydrates
____ ___ are easier for the body to digest and provide a source of quick energy
Simple carbohydrates
Simple carbs come from milk and foods high in sugar content and are a quick source of energy
Know
____ improves the functioning of the heart and lungs, the musculoskeletal system and digestive system and excretory systems provide the feeling of self satisfaction
Exercise
When older people do not exercise they are subject to osteoporosis, joint immobility, indigestion, constipation, pneumonia, weakened cardiac and other muscles, pressure ulcers and the depression and insomnia, and boredom
Know
Because of the number of chronic diseases older people have they may be unable to test due to pain or stress over their diseases.
They key to managing the test needs of older people is to identify their needs
A common reason people are unable to rest s because they have pain keeping them awake … it needs to be identified and managed
Know
Narcotics are most effective ATC (around the clock) *this is best method
Know
Results of falls include
- fear of falling
- Sedentary behavior
- Impaired function
- Lower quality of life
Know
___ is relaxation to deeper and deeper sleep
NREM sleep
____ is the deepest sleep “healing sleep
REM sleep
___ is difficulty going to sleep or staying asleep
Insomnia
____ ___ causes insomnia
Nocturnal movement
____ ____ sudden movement, kicking in sleep
Nocturnal myoclonus
Ways to keep older adults active
Endurance, balanced training, muscle strength, flexibility
Medication for sleep may have the paradoxical effect keeping the client up all night
Know
The ____ ____ ___ controls the sleep wake patterns
Central nervous system
