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STS > 6&7 > Flashcards

6&7 Flashcards

1
Q

“Happiness lies in the joy of achievement and the thrill of creative effort. ‘

A

Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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2
Q

transformed as a result of science and
technology.

A

human landscape

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3
Q

The role and purpose of man’s existence in society gradually diminished with
the development of _______, _______, and _____.

A

bioengineering, robots, and similar fields.

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4
Q

The utmost good of a person’s endeavor
to accomplish a goal is to flourish.

A

Aristotelianism

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5
Q

what is beneficial for beings with intentions
and goals is good for all entities.

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

technology is the organization
of ways to satisfy demands put forward by humanity.

A

According to Aristotle,

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7
Q

technology mostly
focuses on the result.

A

True

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8
Q

French philosopher who strongly concurs
Technological Pessimism

A

Jacques Ellul strongly

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9
Q

believes that technology is
developing and helpful in
many ways, it also believes
that it is questionable in many
respects.

A

Technological Pessimism

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10
Q

The four points of Ellul’s pessimistic thesis

A

(1) technological advancement comes at a cost, (2) it causes additional difficulties, (3) it has negative impacts, and (4) it has unanticipated and terrible repercussions.

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11
Q

highly supported
by technologists, engineers, and regular
people who believe that technology can
cure all troubles and bring answers to
future challenges.

A

Technological Optimism

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12
Q

regards
technology as the ultimate authority on
everything.

A

technocratism,

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13
Q

The major issue of this viewpoint is the existence or manner of being of
someone or something guided by the authenticity rule.

A

Existentialism

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14
Q

a well-known supporter of this philosophy. He has not
stopped describing what technology is but has addressed its core.

A

Martin Heidegger

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15
Q

two common definitions of
technology: ( Martin Heidegger)

A

a means to a goal and a human activity

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16
Q

two definitions cannot exist
apart from one another.

A

instrumental and anthropological

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17
Q

Heidegger says
this is not an incorrect definition, but it is _______
since it confines our understanding.

A

deceptive

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18
Q

material by which the silver chalice was made of:_____

A

Causa Materialis or the Material Cause, Silver

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19
Q

The form or the shape that
gave the silver chalice its image.

A

Causa Formalis or the Formal
Cause

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20
Q

The fundamental function for
which the silver chalice was created
was to hold the wine, which stands in
for the blood of Christ, during Holy
Communion.

A

Causa Finalis or the Final Cause

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21
Q

The agent that has caused for 2
the silver chalice to come about: the
silversmith

A

Causa Efficiens or the Efficient
Cause

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22
Q

the process of anything coming into being, and an outside force defines it

A

Poiesis

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23
Q

created the silver chalice for the
function for which it was intended.

A

silversmith

24
Q

refers to anything that occurred naturally, such
as a flower blooming in a field or a tree yielding its fruit. Even without assistance
from the outside, the flower bloomed, and the tree produced fruit.

A

physis

25
Q

contains the true content or essence of
technology.

A

enframing

26
Q

calls out
for someone to set upon it and bring it to unconcealment,

A

the concealed

27
Q

sets upon and acts upon the concealed in order to bring it to
unconcealment.

A

one who hears
the call

28
Q

The desire to reveal what has been hidden also serves to hide
something further.

A

TRUE

29
Q

remains visible in current technology

A

Technology

30
Q

shown by nature’s difficulties because, rather than bringing
about changes, it imposes demands on nature

A

Modern technology

31
Q

The basic idea is that nature won’t reveal itself unless
provoked. This is true of the hydroelectric plant constructed on a River, which
released the electricity it was hiding.

A

nlock and expose.

32
Q

Technology strives to satisfy future expectations
since it is a tool for a purpose. The community is storing the power generated by
the hydroelectric plant situated on the Rhine River.

A

Stockpiles for future use.

33
Q

Man can set upon what was already concealed
as he responds to the call of _______

A

unconcealment,

34
Q

describe this set of circumstances,
which reflects the essence of modern technology by challenging humans to
uncover what is hidden.

A

“enframing”

35
Q

simply the process of organizing whatever is
available to humans, particularly what is hidden.

A

Enframing

36
Q

God is reduced to

A

‘the god of the
philosophers”

37
Q

prefers to find enjoyment in the accomplishments that
come from modern technology, as may be seen by observing his surroundings.

A

Present-day man

38
Q

have impacted the lives of many people.

A

Social
media

39
Q

It’s important to strike a balance between _________ research and
technology.

A

Anthropological

40
Q

plants, animals, and other living things share people’s
characteristics.

A

biologists,

41
Q

we can’t turn to science for an answer because
in the first place, science identified human with varied option and limited evidence.

A

Smith (2012)

42
Q

folk-category rather a scientific one

A

“human”

43
Q

ability to reason sets humans apart from other animals.

A

Blakemore and Greenfield (1987; as cited in Bernaldez, 2001),

44
Q

argued that asking what the term “being” means doesn’t
imply that the “inquirer” doesn’t know what it means because, in the first place, the
term “being” is linked to the idea of existence, indicating that the “inquirer” already
has an understanding of the term, “however vague or incomplete.”

A

Heidegger,

45
Q

clearly refers to “man” as a “being” and concentrates on the “what” of human life.

A

inquirer

46
Q

“being
there.

A

“dasein,”

47
Q

The “modes of existence” is fundamentally established by two things

A

(1)
Dasein exists in a world and (2) Dasein has a self that it defines as it exists in such
world.

48
Q

imply that every man’s
THAW w t existence has a purpose and that it serves the aim of
AYREZ i E achieving that purpose. According to Aristotle,
y cel everyone’s greatest objective and goal in life is to be
éi ‘ happy (on earth).

A

On Aristotle’s Viewpoint

49
Q

describes the comfortable
condition of being healthy, happy, and successful as well as the possession of a
good indwelling spirit.

A

Eudaimonia

50
Q

eudaimonia consists of Greek words

A

“eu” which
means “good” and “daemon” which means “spirit”.

51
Q

thought that moderation and balance made room for
happiness. His perspective is more on the idea behind the
true source of experiencing happiness than it is on how
happiness may be described.

A

On Epicurus’ Viewpoint

52
Q

Greek philosopher Epicurus,

A

born in 341
B.C.

53
Q

pleasure is the
standard of morality.

A

hedonism-based ethical doctrine

54
Q

believes that happiness is a “ideal state of
laziness,” as opposed to many philosophers who believe
it to be a “constant state of well-being.” Being carefree and
without worry in life is how he defines laziness.

A

On Nietzsche’s Viewpoint

55
Q

who often published in the 1870s and 1880s, was well-
known during that time. He is renowned for his criticisms
of psychological assessments, leading to diametrically
opposed beliefs about what individuals should believe.

A

German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900),

56
Q

are at the forefront of the rapidly evolving society
we live in.

A

Science and technology

57
Q

are now feasible thanks to the development of information
technology.

A

Global
communications

STS (4 decks)

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