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Mike's deck > #6 > Flashcards

#6 Flashcards

1
Q

The PELVIC GIRDLE is…

A

formed by the two hip bones.

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2
Q

The hip bones are aka…

A

the COXAL BONES or OS COXAE (plural, COXA singular)

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3
Q

The OS COXAE are united…

A

anteriorly by the pubic symphysis joint; posteriorly by the sacrum via the sacroiliac joints.

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4
Q

The BONY PELVIS is…

A

the deep basin-like structure formed by the OS COXAE, together with the SACRUM and COCCYX

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5
Q

The functions of the PELVIC GIRDLE’S functions are…

A

(1) it attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. (2) it transmits the body’s weight to the lower limbs, and (3) it supports the visceral organs of the pelvis.

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6
Q

Contrast the PELVIC and PECTORAL GIRDLES

A

(1) The pelvic girdle has less mobility but is much more stable than the pectoral girdle. (2) The pelvic girdle is secured to the axial skeleton by some of the strongest ligaments in the body whereas the pectoral girdle is sparingly attached to the thoracic cage. (3) The acetabula are deep, cuplike, and firmly secure the femur’s head in place, whereas the glenoid cavities are shallow.

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7
Q

The parts of the OS COXAE are…

A

(1) the ILIUM, (2) the ISCHIUM, and (3) the PUBIS. They are separate bones in childhood but become fully connected by the age 20 - 25.

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8
Q

The ILIUM, ISCHIUM, and PUBIS are joined at the…

A

ACETABULUM (“vinegar cup”)

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9
Q

The ILIUM is located…

A

superior to the ISCHIUM, superior and posterior to the PUBIS. It’s the largest of the three.

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10
Q

The ISCHIUM is located…

A

inferior to the ILIUM, posterior to the PUBIS.

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11
Q

The PUBIS is located…

A

anterior to the ISCHIUM, inferior and anterior to the ILIUM

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12
Q

The ILIUM consists of…

A

a BODY and a superior winglike portion called the ALA

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13
Q

The ALA is…

A

the superior wing-like portion of the ilium.

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14
Q

The ILIAC CRESTS are…

A

the thickened proximal aspect of each ala; they are what your hands rest on when you rest them on your hips.

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15
Q

The ASIS is…

A

the ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE; it is a blunt protrusion on the anterior superior surface of the ilium.

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16
Q

The PSIS is…

A

the POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE; it’s a curved posterior superior aspect of the ilium, a bit longer than the ASIS.

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17
Q

The AIIS is…

A

the ANTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINE; it’s inferior and medial to the ASIS and smaller.

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18
Q

The PIIS is…

A

the POSTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINE; it’s inferior to the PSIS and smaller.

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19
Q

The gluteal muscles attach to the…

A

anterior, posterior, and inferior gluteal lines.

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20
Q

The POSTERIOR GLUTEAL LINE …

A

is a curved line on the lateral aspect of the ilium; it runs more or less vertically, directly anterior to the posterior iliac crests, open side of curve is anterior.

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21
Q

The ANTERIOR GLUTEAL LINE…

A

is a curved line on the lateral aspect of the ilium; it’s directly anterior and more or less perpendicular to the posterior gluteal line (“superior gluteal line” would be better name); it runs more or less horizontally anterior to posterior, but rises slightly as it goes anterior; open end of curve is inferior.

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22
Q

The INFERIOR GLUTEAL LINE…

A

is on the lateral aspect of the ilium running more or less horizontally but going a bit superior as it travels anteriorly; it’s inferior to the anterior gluteal line at the superior border of the ala;

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23
Q

The gluteal muscles attach to…

A

the POSTERIOR, ANTERIOR, AND INFERIOR GLUTEAL LINES.

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24
Q

The GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH…

A

is a deep indentation inferior to the PIIS through which the sciatic nerve passes to enter the thigh.

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25
Q

The ILIAC FOSSA …

A

is a large, smooth, concave surface on the medial surface of the ilium.

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26
Q

The AURICULAR SURFACE…

A

is on the medial surface of the ala, posterior and inferior; it looks like an ear (thus its name) and is where the sacrum attaches to the ilium.

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27
Q

The ARCUATE LINE

A

runs anterior and inferior to the auricular surface; it descends inferiorly as it goes anterior and helps to define the brim of the pelvis (the superior margin of the true pelvis).

28
Q

The ISCHIUM is…

A

L-shaped and forms the posterio-inferior part of the hip bone.

29
Q

The ISCHIUM’S BODY…

A

attaches to the ilium superiorly. It’s the vertical part of the L-shape.

30
Q

The RAMUS…

A

is the horizontal part of the ischium’s L-shape; it attaches to the pubis anteriorly.

31
Q

The ISCHIAL SPINE…

A

projects medially into the pelvic cavity on the posterio-superior aspect of the ischium’s body; it serves as a point of attachment for the sacrospinous ligament.

32
Q

The LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH is…

A

on the ischim, just inferior to the ischial spine.

33
Q

The ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY is…

A

the rough thick inferior aspect of the ischial body, which bears weight when we sit; strongest part of hip bone; massive sacrotuberous ligament runs from the sacrum to each ischial tuberosity; the hamstrings attach to the ischial tuberosity.

34
Q

The PUBIS…

A

sideways-V-shaped (with V-point medial) and forms the anterior portion of the hip bone.

35
Q

The PUBIS is composed of…

A

the medial BODY, SUPERIOR RAMUS, and INFERIOR RAMUS.

36
Q

The PUBIC CREST…

A

is the thickened anterior border of the pubis.

37
Q

At the lateral end of the PUBIC CREST is the…

A

PUBIC TUBERCLE.

38
Q

The OBTURATOR FORAMEN is…

A

the large opening formed as the two rami of the pubis run laterally to join the body and ramus of the ischium; a few blood vessels and nerves pass through the obturator foramen.

39
Q

Why is it called “the OBTURATOR FORAMEN.”

A

“FORAMEN” means “opening” and “OBTURATOR” means “closed up;” although the obturator foramen is large, it is nearly closed by a fibrous membrane.

40
Q

The bodies of the two pubic bones are joined by…

A

two fibrocartilage discs forming the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS JOINT.

41
Q

The PUBIC ARCH…

A

is formed inferior to the pubic symphysis joint as the inferior rami of the pubis run inferiorly and laterally; the acuteness of the pubic arch helps differentiate the male and female pelvis.

42
Q

The SACRUM is…

A

a flat triangular shaped bone formed by 5 vertebrae, S1 - S5 (superior to inferior) which are separate in childhood but become fused in adults.

43
Q

The SACRUM forms…

A

the posterior wall of the bony pelvis, functions as a wedge between the hip bones, and stabilizes the pelvic area.

44
Q

The holes on each side of the SACRUM…

A

serve as passageways for many nerves, including the sciatic nerve.

45
Q

The SACRUM’S curve is…

A

KYPHOTIC (posterior curve ) reversing the LORDOTIC (anterior curve) of the lumbar spine.

46
Q

The BASE of the SACRUM is…

A

at the superior end and articulates with the 5th lumbar vertabrae.

47
Q

What parts of the SACRUM articulate with the 5th lumbar vertebrae?

A

The BODY and the SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES of S1, which are posterior to S1’s BODY.

48
Q

The APEX of the SACRUM is…

A

at the inferior end and articulates with the coccyx.

49
Q

The SACROILIAC JOINT is formed…

A

where the AURICULAR SURFACES of the SACRUM (located laterally on each side) articulate with the same-named surfaces on the OS COXAE.

50
Q

The TRANSVERSE LINES of the SACRUM are…

A

four ridges crossing its anterior surface, marking the fusion lines between the vertebrae.

51
Q

The holes lateral to the SACRUM’S TRANSVERSE LINES are called…

A

VENTRAL SACRAL FORAMINA; posteriorly, they are called DORSAL SACRAL FORAMINA.

52
Q

The ALAE of the SACRUM are…

A

wing-like supero-lateral sides of SACRUM.

53
Q

The MEDIAN SACRAL CREST is…

A

the medial ridge on the posterior side of the SACRUM formed by the fused SPINOUS PROCESSES of the sacral vertebrae.

54
Q

The INTERMEDIATE SACRAL CREST is…

A

a ridge lateral to the MEDIAN SACRAL CREST formed by the fused ARTICULAR PROCESSES of the sacral vertebrae.

55
Q

The LATERAL SACRAL CREST is…

A

a ridge lateral to the INTERMEDIATE SACRAL CREST formed by the fusion of the TRANSVERSE PROCESSES of the sacral vertebrae.

56
Q

The SACRAL CANAL is…

A

the large vertical tunnel on the posterior side of the SACRUM; it’s a continuation of the VERTEBRAL CANAL.

57
Q

The tailbone is called…

A

the COCCYX, from the greek word for cuckoo because it resembles a bird’s beak.

58
Q

The COCCYX consists of…

A

2-5 fused vertabrae

59
Q

The COCCYX articulates superiorly with the…

A

SACRUM, to form the SACROCOCCYGEAL JOINT.

60
Q

The COCCYX serves as a point of attachment to…

A

the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS muscles and the muscles of the pelvic floor.

61
Q

The SACRAL PROMONTORY is…

A

the anterior projecting aspect of the superior SACRUM.

62
Q

The PELVIC BRIM is…

A

the continuous oval ridge that runs from the PUBIC CREST along the ARCUATE LINE, across the SACRAL PROMONTORY, then back to the PUBIC CREST along the opposite ARCUATE LINE.

63
Q

The TRUE PELVIS is…

A

the region inferior to the PELVIC BRIM; it forms a deep bowl containing the pelvic organs; its dimensions are critical to the uncomplicated delivery of a baby.

64
Q

The FALSE PELVIS…

A

is the part of the pelvis superior to the PELVIC BRIM; it’s really part of the abdomen, helping to support abdominal viscera, and doesn’t restrict child birth.

65
Q

The PELVIC INLET is…

A

the PELVIC BRIM, and its widest dimension is right/left along the frontal plane.

66
Q

The PELVIC OUTLET is…

A

the inferior margin of the TRUE PELVIS, bounded anteriorly by the pubic arch, laterally by the ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES, and posteriorly by the SACRUM and COCCYX.

Mike's deck (2 decks)

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