1. Shahada: declaration of faith 2. The Salat: pray 5 times a day 3. The Zakat: donations to the Church 4. The Sawn: fasting during the month of Ramadan 5. The Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca

6-10 Flashcards by anna hackett

Muslims call their god

Allah

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Muhammed’s flight from Mecca to Medina

Hijrah

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6 Prophets of Islam

Muhammad, Moses, Adam, Abraham, Noah, Jesus

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Non Arab Muslim converts in Umayyad dynasty

Malawi

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Shari’a

Islamic law; a combination of the Quran and Hadith

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Muslim leader responsible for the reconquest of the Holy Land

Saladin

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Dome of the Rock

Mosque in Jerusalem where Muhammad is believed to have risen to heaven

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First African Empire to be known as land of the gold

Ghana

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Revelation, Muslims believe it contains word of god, written in Arabic, 114 chapters

Quran

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Hajj demonstrated enormous wealth of his country (Mali)

Mansa Musa

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Baghdad

Capital of Abbasid empire, located in modern day Iraq

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Jizya

surtax for “non-believers” during Umayyad Dynasty

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Supporters of Muawiya (first three Caliphs)

Sunnis

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Shiites

Think Caliph’s should only be relatives of Muhammad (1st three illegitimate)

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Muslim Holy Cities

Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem

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Birthplace of Muhammad, contains Ka’ba and has focus on bazaars and pilgrimages

Mecca

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5 Pillars of Islam

Shahada: declaration of faith
The Salat: pray 5 times a day
The Zakat: donations to the Church
The Sawn: fasting during the month of Ramadan
The Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca

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Umma

Community of Muslim followers

- Muhammad was the leader of the Umma in Medina 622-632 Political leader Umma started to look like an empire

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1095

Pope Urban II called for the first crusade

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1324 CE

Mansa Musa took pilgrimage to demonstrate wealth of his country (Mali)

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(750-1258) FIRST GLOBAL CIVILIZATION, makes Islam a universal religion

Abbasid rule

dhows, sakk=checks, advanced banking and number system

Abbasid innovations

Constantinople

largest city in Europe, baths, aqueducts, coliseums

modern day country where Islam was created (location of Mecca and Medina)

Saudi Arabia

Crusade impact on Islam

little impact on Muslim culture

622 CE

Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina and the start of Muslim calendar

political center of Islam under the Umayyad's was located in

Damascus

A series of holy wars undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land and recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. - brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation.

Crusades

two Byzantine monks who brought Russians their alphabet called Cyrillic

Cyril and Methodius

1054

- The Great Schism - The split of the Christian Church into a Western Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church - Happened because the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople mutually ex communicated each other.

Feudalism

relationship between members of the military elite based on a reciprocal exchange of land for military service and loyalty

System of economic relations between landlords and their peasant laborers. Serfs would receive protection including administration of justice, from landlords; in return, they were obligated to turn over part of their goods and remain on the land

Manorialism

Magna Carta

Great Charter issued by the King John of England in 1215 which confirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims, represented principal of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy

Charlemagne

Charles the Great, crowned by Pope, hoped to return Western Europe, helped foster feudalism

system of agricultural cultivation in western Europe where a third of the land would be left unplanted each year to regain fertility. one-third in spring grains and one third fallow

Three field system

(curved iron plate) allowed deeper turning in the soil but limited productivity. This was solved by the three field system

Moldboard plow

Sundiata

The "Lion Prince" a member of the Keita clan; created a unified state that became the Mali Empire

Muslim traveler who made 4 pilgrimages to Mecca Traveled to Sri Lanka, India, China, all of the middle east, Mali (1352) & Swahili Coast Wrote to Rihla--> traveling in search of learning and knowledge

Ibn Battuta

Mali

an Islamic Empire although independent from "Middle East Rule"

Center for Islamic influence, exported: ivory, gold, slaves, Persian rugs

Swahili Coast of East Africa

East African Trading Cities

Sofala, Kilwa, and Mogadishu

Early Arabs who were predominantly nomadic herding sheep, goats, and camels across the harsh desert environment

Arab pastoralists

After the 7th century what group posed the greatest threat to the Byzantine empire

Arab Muslims

Significance of Byzantine Empire

importance of capital Constantinople as major urban center, development of Orthodox Christianity

Largest church in the world upon is completion and second oldest dome structure in the world today

Hagia Sophia

Followers of Muslim faith who believe ALI to be the first caliph

shia

Muhammad's immediate successor who ordered the compiling of all his revelations into one single text

Abu Bakr

Islamic leader who defeated the Hindu armies setting up the Dehli Sultanate

Muhammad of Ghur

Relationship between Islam and the indigenous religions of Africa

Islam was able to accommodate pagan practices and beliefs in the early stages of conversion

William the Conqueror

victorious at the Battle of Hastings thus giving the English a French king and laying the seeds for the hundreds year war

Heir to Byzantine tradition

Russia/Kiev/Moscow