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Pathoma Ch 6 - WBC Pathologies > 6-1: Leukopenia & Leukocytosis > Flashcards

6-1: Leukopenia & Leukocytosis Flashcards

1
Q

*Hematopoietic stem cell marker is…?

A

*CD34

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2
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells can generate what to lines of cells?

A

Myeloid and lymphoid

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3
Q

The lymphoid stem cell line produces what cells?

A
  • B-lymphoblast –> Naive B-cell–> plasma cells

- T-lymphoblast –> naive T-cell –> CD8 T-cell or CD4 T-cell

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4
Q

The myeloid stem cell line produces what cells?

A
  • Erythroblast –> RBC
  • Myeloblast –> Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
  • Monoblast –>monocytes
  • megakaryoblast –> megakaryocytes
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5
Q

Normal WBC count?

A

5-10K

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6
Q

leukopenia vs leukocytosis

A 
penia = low WBC count
cytosis = high WBC count
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7
Q

neutropenia is usually seen with?

A
  • Dec circulating neutrophils
  • DUE TO:
  • Severe infection (all neutrophils move into tissues)
  • drug toxicity (damage to stem cells
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8
Q

*What can be used to boost the neutrophil count in neutropenia?

A

*GM-CSF and G-CSF

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9
Q

Lymphopenia is usually seen with?

A 
Dec circulating lymphocytes
DUE TO: 
-Immunodeficiency (ex: DiGeorge Syndrome or HIV)
-High cortisol state
-Autoimmune destruction
-Whole body radiation
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10
Q

*Most sensitive cell in body to radtiation?

A

*lymphocytes - DIE VEEERY QUICKLY

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11
Q

Neutrophilic leukocytosis means and is due to?

A
  • increased circulating neutrophils
  • DUE TO:
  • Bacterial infection
  • tissue necrosis
  • high cortisol state
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12
Q

*Left shift means and what are these cells characterized by what functional issue? What does this marker mean?

A
  • bone marrow is releasing immature neutrophils into circulation
  • -characterized by decreased Fc receptors (help neutrophils recognize immunoglobulin which is opsonin for phagocytosis) ==> means that the neutrohils arent so good at killing things yet.
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13
Q

*Marker that is decreased for immature neutrophils?

A

*CD16 decreased AKA FC RECEPTOR

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14
Q

Steroids do what with regards to WBC? (High cortisol state)

A

increase WBC count – steroids reduce adhesion of marginated neutrophils jsut hanging around in the pulmonary vasculature and puts them into circuation

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15
Q

Monocytosis means what and happens in what scenarios?

A
  • increased circulating monocytes
  • DUE TO:
  • chronic inflammatory states (autoimmune or infectious)
  • malignancy
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16
Q

Eosinophilia means what and is due to what scenarios?

A
  • increased circulating eosinophils
  • DUE TO:
  • allergic reactions (type I hypersensitivity)
  • parasitic infections
  • hodgkins lymphoma
17
Q

What factor drives eosinophilia?

A

eosinopil chemotaxic factor

18
Q

Basophilia means what and is due to *what scenarios?

A
  • Inc circulating basophils- duh
  • DUE TO:
  • -chronic myeloid leukemia
19
Q

lymphocytic leukocytosis means what and is due to what scenario?

A
  • Inc circulating lymphocytes
  • DUE TO:
  • -viral infections (T-cells undergo hyperplasia in response to virally infected cells)
  • -bordatella pertussis infection (this bateria produces lymphocytosis promoting factor which prevents lymphocytes from leaving the blood too enter lymph ndes)
20
Q

*Hodgkins lymphoma is usually associated with an increase in which myeloid cell? WHAT IS THE MECHANISM THIS OCCURS?

A

*EOSINOPHILIA

INCREASED IL-5 PRODUCTION

21
Q

Infectious mononucleosis caused by what most commonly? What is less common cause?

A 
#1 cause = EBV
#2 caused = CMV
22
Q

What does EBV infection result in immunologically?

A

EBV infection results in a lymphocytic leukocytosis comprised of reactive CD8 T-cells

23
Q

EBV primarily infects which tissues?

A
  • oropharynx - sore throat
  • liver - hepatitis
  • b-cells -
24
Q

*Which part of lymph node gets enlarged due to EBV infection?

A

(causes infectious mononucleosis)

*-the paracortex!!

25
Q

Infectious mononucleosis response in which cell line and this leads to?

A

CD8 T-cells response (viral infection duh)

  • GET:
  • -Generalized lymphadenopathy (LAD) - paracotex swells up
  • –splenomegally due to t-cell hyperplasia in the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)
  • -hgih WBC count with atypical lymphocytes (reactive CD8 T-cells) in the blood
26
Q

Infectious mononuclosis deals which what type of cells?

A

CD8- T-cells

27
Q

Screening for mononucleosis with? How does this test work? How long does infection have to go on before it turns positive, if it is a positive result??

A
  • Monospot test - detects IgM heterophile antibodies (antibodies that have affinity to bind other animal antibodies)
  • Turns positive within 1 week after infection
28
Q

What does a negative monospot test result mean?

A

Means that the mononucleosis is caused by CMV

29
Q

What is the confirmatory test for EBV? (Monospot SCREENING is just got screening)

A

test for EBV viral capsid antigen

30
Q

*Complications of mononucleosis?

A
  • -Inc risk for splenic rupture - avoid contact sports for a YEAR!
  • Rash if exposed to PCN
  • Dormancy of virus in B-cells (reoccurance and lymphoma chances increase)

Pathoma Ch 6 - WBC Pathologies (6 decks)

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