6-1: Leukopenia & Leukocytosis Flashcards
*Hematopoietic stem cell marker is…?
*CD34
Hematopoietic stem cells can generate what to lines of cells?
Myeloid and lymphoid
The lymphoid stem cell line produces what cells?
- B-lymphoblast –> Naive B-cell–> plasma cells
- T-lymphoblast –> naive T-cell –> CD8 T-cell or CD4 T-cell
The myeloid stem cell line produces what cells?
- Erythroblast –> RBC
- Myeloblast –> Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
- Monoblast –>monocytes
- megakaryoblast –> megakaryocytes
Normal WBC count?
5-10K
leukopenia vs leukocytosis
penia = low WBC count cytosis = high WBC count
neutropenia is usually seen with?
- Dec circulating neutrophils
- DUE TO:
- Severe infection (all neutrophils move into tissues)
- drug toxicity (damage to stem cells
*What can be used to boost the neutrophil count in neutropenia?
*GM-CSF and G-CSF
Lymphopenia is usually seen with?
Dec circulating lymphocytes DUE TO: -Immunodeficiency (ex: DiGeorge Syndrome or HIV) -High cortisol state -Autoimmune destruction -Whole body radiation
*Most sensitive cell in body to radtiation?
*lymphocytes - DIE VEEERY QUICKLY
Neutrophilic leukocytosis means and is due to?
- increased circulating neutrophils
- DUE TO:
- Bacterial infection
- tissue necrosis
- high cortisol state
*Left shift means and what are these cells characterized by what functional issue? What does this marker mean?
- bone marrow is releasing immature neutrophils into circulation
- -characterized by decreased Fc receptors (help neutrophils recognize immunoglobulin which is opsonin for phagocytosis) ==> means that the neutrohils arent so good at killing things yet.
*Marker that is decreased for immature neutrophils?
*CD16 decreased AKA FC RECEPTOR
Steroids do what with regards to WBC? (High cortisol state)
increase WBC count – steroids reduce adhesion of marginated neutrophils jsut hanging around in the pulmonary vasculature and puts them into circuation
Monocytosis means what and happens in what scenarios?
- increased circulating monocytes
- DUE TO:
- chronic inflammatory states (autoimmune or infectious)
- malignancy
Eosinophilia means what and is due to what scenarios?
- increased circulating eosinophils
- DUE TO:
- allergic reactions (type I hypersensitivity)
- parasitic infections
- hodgkins lymphoma
What factor drives eosinophilia?
eosinopil chemotaxic factor
Basophilia means what and is due to *what scenarios?
- Inc circulating basophils- duh
- DUE TO:
- -chronic myeloid leukemia
lymphocytic leukocytosis means what and is due to what scenario?
- Inc circulating lymphocytes
- DUE TO:
- -viral infections (T-cells undergo hyperplasia in response to virally infected cells)
- -bordatella pertussis infection (this bateria produces lymphocytosis promoting factor which prevents lymphocytes from leaving the blood too enter lymph ndes)
*Hodgkins lymphoma is usually associated with an increase in which myeloid cell? WHAT IS THE MECHANISM THIS OCCURS?
*EOSINOPHILIA
INCREASED IL-5 PRODUCTION
Infectious mononucleosis caused by what most commonly? What is less common cause?
#1 cause = EBV #2 caused = CMV
What does EBV infection result in immunologically?
EBV infection results in a lymphocytic leukocytosis comprised of reactive CD8 T-cells
EBV primarily infects which tissues?
- oropharynx - sore throat
- liver - hepatitis
- b-cells -
*Which part of lymph node gets enlarged due to EBV infection?
(causes infectious mononucleosis)
*-the paracortex!!
