5th year Flashcards
are supernumerary teeth more prevalent in primary or permanent?
permanent (1.5-3.5%)
primary (0.2-08%)
commonest region for supernumerary teeth?
premaxilla
4 associated syndromes/conditions with supernumerary teeth
cleidocranial dysplasia
palatals clefts
Gardners syndrome
oro-facial digital syndrome
how are supernumerary teeth classified?
shape - conical, tuberculate, supplemental, odontome-like
position - mediodens, distomolar, paramolar
if supernumerary tooth is unerupted and not causing issues, what must you monitor for?
follicular expansion cyst formation resorption of adjacent roots worsening ectopic position ectopic eruption
when to remove supernumerary teeth?
if causing pathology/resorption/cystic/ectopic
if causing crowding
if causing permanent tooth to fail to erupt (extract + maintain space)
when should permanent tooth erupt after extraction of supernumerary?
18months-2yrs
prevalence of hypotonia
permanent 3.6-6.5%
primary 0.1%
are hyper/hypodontia more prevalent in male of female
Female
order for hypotonia
8 - L5 - U2 - U5
levels of hypodontia
mild - 1-2
moderate - 3-5
severe - 6 or more
genes involved in hypodontia
PAX9 MSX1
syndromes associated with hypodontia +/- microdontia
downs CLP ectodermal dysplasia Ehlers danlos epidermolysis bullosa chondro-ectodermal dysplasia incontinetia pigmentii
symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia
sparse hair dry skin may be anhidrotic xerstomia dry lips speech/learning difficulties chronic rhinitis/pharyngitis/URTIs HYPODONTIA
difference between fusion and germination
fusion = 1 crown 2 roots
germination - 1 root 2 crowns
prevalence of microdontia
permanent - 2.5%
primary - 0.2-0.5%
complication of missing upper 2
can lead to ectopic 3 as not guided into place
complication of dens in dente and treatment to prevent
early pulp death
fissure seal asap
complication of taurodontism
none except difficulties with endo
what is odontodysplasia
rare ‘ghost teeth’
structurally abnormal teeth - if erupt should be removed, if unerupted can be monitored
if affects area = regional odontodysplasia
causes of enamel defects
genetic - Amelogenesis imperfecta
systemic - MIH, fluorosis, nutrition, metabolic upset, infection
local - trauma, infection
how to test difference between fluorosis and hypomatured AI
fluorosis responds to micro-abrasion
treatment of AI in young patient
PFMC posterily
comp restorations anteriorly
aims for AI treatment
preserve remaining tooth tissue
maintain OVD
reduce sensitivity/function
causes of dentine defects
genetic - dentinogensis imperfects, dentinal dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia of dentine
other conditions - Ehlers dans, rickets, hypophosphatasia
environmental - nutrition, drugs, trauma
when restoring tooth with DI what may need to be placed first?
fissure sealant - more white to cover discolouration
why may hypophosphatasia cause early loss of teeth?
hypoplastic cementum
dental symptoms of cleidocranial dysplasia
cementum defect supernumeraries delayed exfoliation delayed eruption small sinuses delayed closure of sutures
causes of premature eruption
familial
precocious puberty
high birth weight baby
endocrine abnormalities
prevalence of infraocclusion
1-9%
grading of infraocclusion
mild - just below occlusal
mod - at contact area
severe - right below contact
treatment options for infraocclusion
monitor
restore contact point
restore occlusion if static
extraction +/- ortho
