5.m. Translation

Question 1

Define ‘translation’

3

Answer 1

• When a sequence of codons on the mRNA
• is used to assemble a specific sequence of AAs
• into a polypeptide chain at the ribosomes

Question 2

Which organelles does translation use?

Answer 2

Ribosomes

Question 3

Which type of RNA does translation involve?

Answer 3

tRNA

Question 4

How many subunits does a ribosome have and what do they do?

Answer 4

• 2 subunits, a larger one and a smaller one
• Larger one has 2 sites for tRNA molecules
• Smaller subunit binds to the mRNA

Question 5

At any one time, how many tRNA molecules are associated with one ribosome?

Answer 5

At any one time, TWO tRNA molecules are associated with one ribosome

Question 6

How many sites does the larger subunit on a ribosome have?

Answer 6

-2 sites on the larger subunit

Question 7

What are the roles of the sites on the larger subunit of a ribosome?

Answer 7

• One holds the growing polypeptide

- One holds the tRNA carrying the next AA in the sequence

Question 8

Give a 4 point summary of the process of translation focused on ribosomes

Answer 8

• R.some moves along mRNA
• Holds codon-anticodon sequence together
• Until 2 AA (that are attached to adjacent tRNA molecules) bind
• R.some moves along mRNA, adding one AA at a time until a polypeptide chain is formed