5G Dim Tools Flashcards
What are 3 categories of the whole toolchain 5G dimensioing?
Air interface dimensioning
HW resources dimensioning
Transport dimensioning
Why we need Air interface dimensioning?
The first step performed in order to provide first estimation of the sites (5G NBs: AirScale+Radio units) volumes which has to be taken into account when deploying a radio network.
Why we require HW resources dimensioning?
Required to obtain BB capacity in DU (Airscale) and VNF resources in CU (Airframe) to support the given number of sites and traffic
Why we need Transport dimensioning?
Due to functional splits in cloud architecture besides typical backhaul (BH) dimensioning, also fronthaul (FH) links capacity needs to be evaluated
Briefly describe Air Interface Coverage in 5G dimensioning.
It provides basic framework for the expected cell range calculations under certain assumptions regarding:
- gNB and UE/CPE hardware configuration (transmission power, antenna gain, height, etc.)
- overall system configuration (operating band, channel bandwidth, Subcarrier Spacing, configured subframe formats, duplex mode and DL-to-UL resource split factor)
- service requirements (cell edge user throughput, BLER target, etc.)
- environment specifics (clutter type, building penetration loss, foliage loss, etc.)
What are some of sources for inputs to Air interface coverage in 5G dimensioning?
To provide reliable results, it takes into account inputs from various sources including:
link level simulation results generated by the Nokia product-aligned 5GMax LL simulator
hardware specifications of the available radio modules coming from Nokia R&D
3GPP 5G NR specifications with regards to the 5G physical layer aspects
Other 3GPP specifications and white papers covering propagation modeling aspects related to the bands supported by 5G system
Provide brief overview of Air interface capacity estimation.
Air Interface Capacity can be estimated using LTE&5G Capacity tool which is a plugin in ACORD web-based application.
Capacity tool considers spectral efficiency results from dedicated simulations using official System-Level Simulation platform MoRSE, supporting both 5G and LTE.
LTE&5G Capacity tool as output provides information about:
Maximum Average Cell Throughput
Average Spectral Efficiency
Provide brief overview of Cloud BTS dimensioning.
In case of Cloud BTS, ACORD tool is used to dimension required Virtual Network Function (VNF) resources in terms of number of Virtual Machines (VMs), and number of VNFs (gNB-CUs). Input for dimensioning is the radio configuration and traffic, i.e.: #cells, # RAPs (gNB-DUs), cell/sector average throughput, #RRC Connected UEs, C-Plane/BHCA. Results from VNF dimensioning are passed to ACORD plug-in called Cloud Data Center (DCS) in order to dimension Cloud Infrastructure resources.
Currently Classical BTS dimensioning in ACORD is under developement and is planned to be available in ACORD for 5G19
Provide brief overview of Cloud infrastructure dimensioning.
Data center solution (referred as “DCS”) plugin in Acord tool is used for cloud infrastructure dimensioning.
As input data, the products defined in the Acord send for each VNFs the number of VMs where each of them has a given capacity (vCPU, vRAM, vDISK). Addidtional option for users is Custom applications plugin which can be used to import VNF data for cloud infrastructure dimensioning.
As an outputs from DCS plugin you get number of:
* Racks
* Compute servers
* Controllers
* Storage nodes
What is NCIR?
Nokia AirFrame Cloud Infrastructure for Real-time applications (NCIR) is a Network Functions Virtualization cloud solution capable of meeting demanding customer requirements for scalability, performance, capacity, and availability for most demanding telco workloads in 5G era.
NCIR platfrorm is available in DCS plugin in Acord tool. NCIR platform is used to dimension radio products like Cloud BTS , RNC or AS BSC available in Acrod also.
What hardware platform is used by NCIR and what are advantages of NCIR 17A
NCIR uses NDCS RM 17 (Nokia AirFrame Data Center Solution Rack Mount 17) as a common hardware platform. NDCS consists of the servers, switches, storage products, power cables, racks and other installation accessories. NDCS & NCIR within standard NFV reference architecture.
What are advantages of NCIR 17A?
NCIR 17A provides following advantages:
Real-time networking and virtual CPU processing (real-time kernel)
High networking throughput via Accelerated Virtual Switch (AVS)
Support for distributed and small foot-print standalone installations
Hardware: NDCS RM 17
Deployment model: Full rack standalone (recommended for 5G)
What is the latest available NCIR version in DCS platform?
The latest available platform in DCS is NCIR 18 which provides following advantages:
- Support for real-time software optimizations and hardware accelerators
*Flexible scalability from single server (Edge Cloud) to multi-rack with SDN (Centralized Cloud) - Hybrid infrastructure for hosting and running containerized or/and virtualized applications, supporting smooth evolution towards microservices
Hardware: NDCS RM Skylake
Deployment model: One Rack Cloud
What is Transport Dimensioning output required?
Transport dimensioning output is a required capacity (Downlink, Uplink) on the 5G BTS’s:
– Fronthaul:
F1 interface (Control Plane, User Plane, Management Plane)
– Backhaul:
*- S1 interface (User Plane),
*- O&M interface (Management Plane)
– Midhaul:
*- X2 interface (Control Plane, User Plane)
Transport dimensioning is based on Air interface throughputs. Which is recommended at initial stages of technology deployment.
What are types of 5G BTS’s with option NSA 3x?
There are two types of 5G BTS’s with option NSA 3x:
1) Cloud BTS
2) Classical BTS.
Main difference between Cloud and Classical BTS’s is that Classical BTS doesn’t need fronthaul, only TRS interface is on backhaul towards Core like in ordinary LTE architecture.
