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ANACHEM 4 FINALS > 5A THE VOCABULARY OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

5A THE VOCABULARY OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards

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1
Q

The subparts of “The Vocabulary of Analytical Chemistry”.

A

*Analysis, Determination and Measurement

*Techniques, Methods, Procedures, and Protocols

*Classifying Analytical Techniques

*Selecting an Analytical Method

*Developing the Procedure

*Protocols

*The Importance of Analytical Methodology

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2
Q

It is the component in the sample of interest to us.

A

Analyte

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3
Q

The remainder of the sample is the _________.

A

matrix

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4
Q

It provides chemical or physical information about a sample.

A

Analysis

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5
Q

Determine the identity, the concentration, or the properties of an analyte.

A

Determination

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6
Q

Measure one or more of the analyte’s chemical or physical properties.

A

Measurement

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7
Q

What are the FOUR LEVELS OF ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY?

A

Techniques, Methods, Procedure, and Protocols.

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8
Q

What does APHA stands for?

A

American Public Health Association

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9
Q

What does ASTM stands for?

A

American Society for Testing Materials

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10
Q

What does EPA stands for?

A

Environmental Protection Agency

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11
Q

It is a set of written directions that tells us how to apply a method to a particular sample, including on how to collect the sample, and how to validate results.

A

Procedure

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12
Q

It is a set of stringent guidelines that specify a procedure that an analyst must follow if an agency is to accept the results.

A

Protocols

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13
Q

It is any chemical or physical principle that we can use to study an analyte.

A

Techniques

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14
Q

The application of a technique for a specific analyte in a specific matrix.

A

Methods

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15
Q

Are common when the result of an analysis supports or defines public policy.

A

Protocols

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16
Q

If a technique responds to the absolute amount of analyte in the sample

A

then the signal due to analyte

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17
Q

A technique that responds to the ABSOLUTE AMOUNT of analyte is _______________

A

a total analysis technique

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18
Q

The most common signals for a total analysis technique.

A

Mass and Volume

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19
Q

Corresponding techniques for mass or volume analysis.

A

Mass- gravimetry
Volume-Titrimetry

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20
Q

A technique that responds to the CONCENTRATION of analyte is _______________

A

Concentration technique

21
Q

Examples of Concentration technique

A

Spectroscopy and electrochemistry

22
Q

It is a theoretical function that depends on experimental conditions and the instrumentation used to measure the signal.

A

The relationship between the signal and the analyte’s concentration

23
Q

The difference between the kA in total analysis technique vs in the concentration technique.

A

kA (total analysis technique)- determined through stoichiometry.

kA (concentration technique)- determined experimentally.

24
Q

It is the application of a technique to a specific analyte in a specific matrix.

A

Method

25
Q

It uses the precipitate’s mass as the analytical signal.

A

Gravimetric method

26
Q

List the design criteria we give consideration in choosing among the available methods.

A

Accuracy
Precision
Sensitivity
Selectivity
Robustness
Ruggedness
Scale of Operation
Analysis time
Availability of Equipment
Cost

27
Q

It is how closely the result of an experiment agrees with the true or expected result.

A

Accuracy

28
Q

It can be expressed as an absolute error

A

Accuracy

29
Q

3 factors that a method’s accuracy depends on?

A

signal’s source, the value of kA, and ease of handling samples without loss or contamination.

30
Q

Which technique produce more accurate results? Total Analysis Technique or Concentration Technique? Why?

A

Total Analysis Technique (such as gravimetry and titrimetry) often produce more accurate results than does a concentration technique BECAUSE WE CAN MEASURE MASS AND VOLUME WITH HIGH ACCURACY, AND THE VALUE FOR kA IS KNOWN THROUGH STOICHIOMETRY.

31
Q

It is a measure of the closeness or agreement between individual analyses.

A

Precision

32
Q

Factors that a method’s precision.

A

The uncertainty in measuring the signal, and
the ease of handling samples reproducibly.

33
Q

Between the Total Analysis Technique and Concentration Technique, which has higher precision?

A

Total Analysis Technique

34
Q

A measure of its ability to establish that such a difference in the analyte amount in two samples is significant.

A

Sensitivity

35
Q

It is the smallest amount of analyte we can determine with confidence.

A

Detection Limit

36
Q

It is equivalent to the proportionality constant, kA

A

Sensitivity

37
Q

Formula for smallest detectable difference (ΔnA) is?

A

ΔnA = (smallest detectable increment, ΔSA)/ (method’s sensitivity, kA)

38
Q

An analytical method is specific if its signal depends only on the analyte.

A

Specificity and Selectivity

39
Q

It is the deal, few analytical methods are free from interferences.

A

Specificity

40
Q

It contributes to the signal.

A

Interferent

41
Q

It is a measure of a method’s freedom from interferences.

A

Selectivity

42
Q

When the method is more selective for the interferent than for the analyte, then the selectivity coefficient is ___________.

A

greater than +1 or less than -1

43
Q

The ability of an analytical method to remain unaffected by small variations in the method parameters and influential environmental factors and characterize its reliability during normal usage.

A

ROBUSTNESS AND RUGGEDNESS

44
Q

A method that can be applied to analytes in a wide variety of matrices is considered ______________.

A

ROBUST

45
Q

A method that is insensitive to changes in experimental conditions is considered _______________.

A

RUGGED

46
Q

What causes uncertainty to the analysis?

A

chemical and physical interferences

47
Q

The amount of sample available for the analysis, the expected concentration of the analyte in the samples, and the minimum amount of analyte that will produce a measurable signal.

A

Scale Operation

48
Q

Factors to consider when DEVELOPING THE PROCEDURE.

A
  1. Compensating for Interferents
  2. Calibration
  3. Sampling
  4. Validation
  5. Protocols
49
Q
A

ANACHEM 4 FINALS (2 decks)

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