5A THE VOCABULARY OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Question 1

The subparts of “The Vocabulary of Analytical Chemistry”.

Answer 1

*Analysis, Determination and Measurement

*Techniques, Methods, Procedures, and Protocols

*Classifying Analytical Techniques

*Selecting an Analytical Method

*Developing the Procedure

*Protocols

*The Importance of Analytical Methodology

Question 2

It is the component in the sample of interest to us.

Answer 2

Analyte

Question 3

The remainder of the sample is the _________.

Answer 3

matrix

Question 4

It provides chemical or physical information about a sample.

Answer 4

Analysis

Question 5

Determine the identity, the concentration, or the properties of an analyte.

Answer 5

Determination

Question 6

Measure one or more of the analyte’s chemical or physical properties.

Answer 6

Measurement

Question 7

What are the FOUR LEVELS OF ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY?

Answer 7

Techniques, Methods, Procedure, and Protocols.

Question 8

What does APHA stands for?

Answer 8

American Public Health Association

Question 9

What does ASTM stands for?

Answer 9

American Society for Testing Materials

Question 10

What does EPA stands for?

Answer 10

Environmental Protection Agency

Question 11

It is a set of written directions that tells us how to apply a method to a particular sample, including on how to collect the sample, and how to validate results.

Answer 11

Procedure

Question 12

It is a set of stringent guidelines that specify a procedure that an analyst must follow if an agency is to accept the results.

Answer 12

Protocols

Question 13

It is any chemical or physical principle that we can use to study an analyte.

Answer 13

Techniques

Question 14

The application of a technique for a specific analyte in a specific matrix.

Answer 14

Methods

Question 15

Are common when the result of an analysis supports or defines public policy.

Answer 15

Protocols

Question 16

If a technique responds to the absolute amount of analyte in the sample

Answer 16

then the signal due to analyte

Question 17

A technique that responds to the ABSOLUTE AMOUNT of analyte is _______________

Answer 17

a total analysis technique

Question 18

The most common signals for a total analysis technique.

Answer 18

Mass and Volume

Question 19

Corresponding techniques for mass or volume analysis.

Answer 19

Mass- gravimetry
Volume-Titrimetry

Question 20

A technique that responds to the CONCENTRATION of analyte is _______________

Answer 20

Concentration technique

Question 21

Examples of Concentration technique

Answer 21

Spectroscopy and electrochemistry

Question 22

It is a theoretical function that depends on experimental conditions and the instrumentation used to measure the signal.

Answer 22

The relationship between the signal and the analyte’s concentration

Question 23

The difference between the kA in total analysis technique vs in the concentration technique.

Answer 23

kA (total analysis technique)- determined through stoichiometry.

kA (concentration technique)- determined experimentally.

Question 24

It is the application of a technique to a specific analyte in a specific matrix.

Answer 24

Method

Question 25

It uses the precipitate's mass as the analytical signal.

Answer 25

Gravimetric method

Question 26

List the design criteria we give consideration in choosing among the available methods.

Answer 26

Accuracy Precision Sensitivity Selectivity Robustness Ruggedness Scale of Operation Analysis time Availability of Equipment Cost

Question 27

It is how closely the result of an experiment agrees with the true or expected result.

Answer 27

Accuracy

Question 28

It can be expressed as an absolute error

Answer 28

Accuracy

Question 29

3 factors that a method's accuracy depends on?

Answer 29

signal's source, the value of kA, and ease of handling samples without loss or contamination.

Question 30

Which technique produce more accurate results? Total Analysis Technique or Concentration Technique? Why?

Answer 30

Total Analysis Technique (such as gravimetry and titrimetry) often produce more accurate results than does a concentration technique BECAUSE WE CAN MEASURE MASS AND VOLUME WITH HIGH ACCURACY, AND THE VALUE FOR kA IS KNOWN THROUGH STOICHIOMETRY.

Question 31

It is a measure of the closeness or agreement between individual analyses.

Answer 31

Precision

Question 32

Factors that a method's precision.

Answer 32

The uncertainty in measuring the signal, and the ease of handling samples reproducibly.

Question 33

Between the Total Analysis Technique and Concentration Technique, which has higher precision?

Answer 33

Total Analysis Technique

Question 34

A measure of its ability to establish that such a difference in the analyte amount in two samples is significant.

Answer 34

Sensitivity

Question 35

It is the smallest amount of analyte we can determine with confidence.

Answer 35

Detection Limit

Question 36

It is equivalent to the proportionality constant, kA

Answer 36

Sensitivity

Question 37

Formula for smallest detectable difference (ΔnA) is?

Answer 37

ΔnA = (smallest detectable increment, ΔSA)/ (method's sensitivity, kA)

Question 38

An analytical method is specific if its signal depends only on the analyte.

Answer 38

Specificity and Selectivity

Question 39

It is the deal, few analytical methods are free from interferences.

Answer 39

Specificity

Question 40

It contributes to the signal.

Answer 40

Interferent

Question 41

It is a measure of a method's freedom from interferences.

Answer 41

Selectivity

Question 42

When the method is more selective for the interferent than for the analyte, then the selectivity coefficient is ___________.

Answer 42

greater than +1 or less than -1

Question 43

The ability of an analytical method to remain unaffected by small variations in the method parameters and influential environmental factors and characterize its reliability during normal usage.

Answer 43

ROBUSTNESS AND RUGGEDNESS

Question 44

A method that can be applied to analytes in a wide variety of matrices is considered ______________.

Answer 44

ROBUST

Question 45

A method that is insensitive to changes in experimental conditions is considered _______________.

Answer 45

RUGGED

Question 46

What causes uncertainty to the analysis?

Answer 46

chemical and physical interferences

Question 47

The amount of sample available for the analysis, the expected concentration of the analyte in the samples, and the minimum amount of analyte that will produce a measurable signal.

Answer 47

Scale Operation

Question 48

Factors to consider when DEVELOPING THE PROCEDURE.

Answer 48

1. Compensating for Interferents 2. Calibration 3. Sampling 4. Validation 5. Protocols