5A Flashcards
What is a protocol?
A protocol is a standard set of rules that allow electronic devices to communicate with each other.
Why are protocols important?
These rules dictate how to format, transmit and receive data so computer network devices, from servers and routers to endpoints, can communicate regardless of the differences in their underlying infrastructures, designs, or standards.
What does TCP/IP stand for?
TCP = Transmission Control Protocol
IP = Internet Protocol Suite
What does UDP stand for?
User Datagram Protocol
A majority of the internet uses what protcol?
TCP/IP
How many layers are in the TCP/IP model?
5
The TCP/IP model can be implemented on almost all technologies, why is this?
Because it is indifferent to the actual hardware implementation,
i.e., the physical layer of OSI Model.
What layers differ between the OSI and TCP/IP models?
All three top layers of OSI Model are compressed together in single Application layer of TCP/IP Model.
What is the top layer of the TCP/IP model?
Layer 5 - Application
What is the application layer?
The Application layer is where TCP/IP applications requiring network communications live.
What are some examples of the application layer?
email clients and web browsers
What is the most used TCP/IP application?
HTTP which is used for surfing the internet
What is the fourth layer of the TCP/IP model?
Transport
What does the transport layer do?
creates virtual TCP or UDP connections between applications running on different hosts by. It uses TCP for reliable connections and UDP for fast connections. This layer sends and receives data to and from the applications running on its host. The Transport layer assigns port numbers to the protocols running in applications on the host. It then adds a TCP or UDP header to the messages received from the applications detailing the source and destination port numbers.
What is the third layer of the TCP/IP model?
Network
What does the network layer do?
is responsible for creating the packets that move across the network. When transmitting data, this layer adds a header containing the source and destination IP addresses to the data received from the Transport layer. The packet it creates will then be forwarded to the MAC or Data Link layer. When receiving data, this layer is used to determine if the packet received by the host contains the host’s IP address. If it does, the data is forwarded up to the Transport layer.
What is the second layer of the TCP/IP model?
Data Link
What does the data link layer do?
is responsible for creating the frames that move across the network. This layer uses Media Access Controller (MAC) to generate the frames that will be transmitted. The MAC controls the physical transmission media.
When transmitting data, this layer adds a header containing the source and destination MAC addresses to the packet received from the Network layer (layer 3). The frame it creates will then be forwarded to the Physical layer.
When receiving data, this layer is used to determine if the frame received by the host contains the host’s MAC address. If it does, the data is forwarded up to the Network layer.
What does MAC stand for?
Media Access Controller
Every host on the network has at least how many MAC addresses?
At least one
What is the first layer of the TCP/IP model?
Physical
What does the physical layer do?
encodes and decodes the bits found in a frame. It sends and receives signals on the physical wire or antenna to transmit/receive the bits found in frames.
Each layer adds information called a ___ to the data being passed to it?
Header
The header does what?
Contains information the layer needs to perform its job
