5.9b sustainable schemes

Question 1

Singapore

Answer 1

• a small country with 5.4 million people living in urban areas
  
  • high standards of living and high per capita consumption of water

reduced water use since 2003 so that per capita water consumption has fallen from 165 litres per day to 150 litres per day

Singapore recycled water is known as NEWater –> from used water that is treated and further purified using advanced membrane tech. and ultraviolet disinfection

desalinating more seawater -> two desalinisation plants meet 25% of water demand

water conservation !! may be difficult to implement as it needs a change of attitude

Question 2

aspects of water sustainability

Answer 2

environmental

• free of pollution
• safe water

economic

• minimum wastage
• affordable price

socio-cultural
- ensuring that even poor and disadvantaged have access to water

Question 3

actions

Answer 3

RAINWATER HARVESTING
people collect the rain falling on roofs of houses and store it for domestic purposes
e.g. Uganda

SMART IRRIGATION
drip systems allow water to drip slowly to plants’ roots through a system of valves and pipes
- reduces wastage and evaporation
e.g. China and Australia

HYDROPONICS
the growing of crops in greenhouses that are CO2 and temperature controlled –> drip-fed nutrients and water

RESTORATION
damaged rivers and lakes are restored to their natural state