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560H Developmental Nutrition (my own) > 560H Developmental Nutr Quiz Questions > Flashcards

560H Developmental Nutr Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following nutrition factors would NOT be related to infertility in men?

A - Following a weight-loss diet that resulted in a body weight 15% below normal
B - Eating a diet containing animal products
C - A high alcohol intake
D - An inadequate intake of antioxidants
E - An inadequate intake of zinc

A

B - Eating a diet containing animal products does does cause infertility in men
However, the following can:
A - Following a weight-loss diet that resulted in a body weight 15% below normalC - A high alcohol intake
D - An inadequate intake of antioxidants
E - An inadequate intake of zinc

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2
Q

What nutrients have been found to be most effected in women who use oral contraceptives?

A - low levels of B6
B - low levels of Vitamin B12
C - high levels of copper
D - all of the above

A

D - all of the above

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3
Q

A BMI great than ____ is typically needed to sustain normal reproductive function in women.

A

BMI of 20 is necessary for normal reproductive function in women

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4
Q

The recommended daily intake of folate for ALL women who may become pregnant is?

A

400mcg

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5
Q

Your best friend is pregnant and asks you to recommend foods that will increase her iron stores. Which of the following option would contain the highest amount of iron?

A - Whole grain bread
B - A hamburger with tomato slices
C - Canned spinach
D - Seasonal fruit
E - frozen peas
A

B - Hamburger with tomato slices

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6
Q

_____ during the first 2 months of pregnancy is teratogenic and leads to a two- to three- fold risk of congenital abnormalities.

A - a high blood glucose level
B - Type 1 diabetes
C - Type 2 diabetes
D - Insulin resistance
E - Celiac disease
A

A - high blood glucose level

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7
Q

The change in lipid blood levels that occurs in pregnancy can best be explained this way regarding cholesterol and triglycerides:

A

Cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase dramatically from pre-pregnancy levels

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8
Q

The recommended daily protein (g) intake for pregnant women is ___.

A - 30g
B - 71g
C - 90g
D - 120g

A

B - 71g

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9
Q

Research is emerging that suggest pregnant women should increase their food sources of DHA. Which of the following foods would provide the most DHA to pregnant women?

A - 1/2 tuna salad sandwich
B - 1/2 cup granola containing 1 tsp sunflower seed
C - 8oz glass whole milk
D - 1 cup broccoli

A

A - 1/2 tuna salad sandwich

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10
Q

It is recommended that OVERWEIGHT women gain approximately ____ pounds during pregnancy.

A

15-25 pounds

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11
Q

The recommended weight gain for NORMAL-WEIGHT women is:

A

25-35 pounds

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12
Q

Women with which of the following characteristics are at increased risk of developing preeclampsia?

A - obesity
B - insulin resistance
C - first pregnancy
D - high triglyceride levels
E - All of the above
A

E - all of the above

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13
Q

It is recommended that women with gestational diabetes aim for a range of ____% fat calories during pregnancy.

A

30-40% of fat calories

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT a maternal benefit of breastfeeding?

A - minimizes postpartum blood loss
B - Helps uterus return to nonpregnant size
C - delays return to fertility
D - MAY help lose weight more quickly
E - All of the above
A

E - All of the above are benefits of breastfeeding

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15
Q

On the second feeding after birth, a first-time mom was concerned that her infant was not getting enough milk. What would the lactation consultant want the new mom to know?

A

The first milk is highly concentrated in nutrients and provides a high amount of protein

The infant needs only 1/2-2 teaspoons at each feeding for the first two days

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16
Q

What fat soluble vitamin is given to all infants at birth?

A

Vitamin K

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17
Q

What is a possible reason that breastfeeding may prevent allergies?

A - influence on gut microbial flora
B - Transfer of maternal proteins and immunity
C - Transfer of maternal fatty acids and IgA in breast milk
D - Low content of allergens
E - all of the above

A

E - All of the above

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18
Q

A breastfeeding mothers asks you if alcohol can be eliminated from her breast milk by pumping immediately after drinking a few glasses of wine. What would you tell her?

A

No. The alcohol will still be in the breast milk and will clear from the milk as soon as it clears from the blood stream: roughly 2-3 hours per drink for a 120 pound woman

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19
Q

Hyperemesis gravidarum (morning sickness) may be prevented and/or treated by:

A - Vitamin B6
B - Ginger
C - Peppermint
D - None of the above
E - All of the above
A

E - All of the above

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20
Q

A pregnant woman who is vegan needs to take supplemental Vitamin D, iron, and _____ during pregnancy.

A

Vitamin B12

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21
Q

Prenatal vitamins are routinely recommended at least _____ months prior to pregnancy to ensure adequate folate status.

A

3 months

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22
Q

The amniotic fluid and breast milk are influenced by internal and external environments such as diet, exposure to cigarette smoke, and pleasant scents. If there is a particular flavor or aroma a parents wants their child to learn, how many times during the 2nd and 3rd trimester should exposure occur?

A

12

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23
Q

When breastfeeding is not an option, the alternatives available are:

A - Donor milk
B - Standard formula
C - Hydrolyzed formula
D - Soy formula
E - all of the above
A

E - all of the above

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24
Q

The following foods should be avoided during pregnancy:

A
    • Raw or under-cooked food such as fish, eggs, meat
    • Unpasteurized juices and dairy products
    • Raw sprouts
    • Fish high in mercury
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25
Q

Dietary recommendations for a woman with PCOS who is trying to conceive should include:

A - Regular fat dairy products
B - High fiber
C - Lean protein
D - All of the above
E - B and C only
A

High fiber and Lean protein are recommended for woman with PCOS trying to conceive

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26
Q

A BMI in the 90th percentile would indicate that a 3-year old was:

A - underweight
B - normal weight
C - overweight
D - at risk of overweight
E - obese
A

C - overweight

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27
Q

One “rule of thumb” regarding portion sizes for toddlers is:

A

1 tablespoon of food per year of age

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28
Q

Studies have shown that restricting a young child’s access to palatable “junk” food may (more than one is correct):

A - promote desirability of that particular food
B - increase disinterest in new foods
C - encourage them to overeat these foods and have negative feelings

A

A and C are correct

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29
Q

Approximately how many exposures to a new food might it take for a toddler to accept the flavor or taste?

A - 1-2
B - 5-10
C - 8-10
D - >11

A

C 8-10

Although technically it is 8-15 times

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30
Q

Nutritional problems among young children that were discussed in this module include which of the following? (more than one is correct)

Iron-deficiency anemia
Dental caries
Constipation
Lead poisoning

A

All of these are common nutrition problems in young children

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31
Q

A mother is interested how to prevent iron-deficiency anemia in her 2-year old son. What advice would you give her?

A - Counsel her about making sure his diet includes red meats, fortified cereals, and fruit juices with vitamin C
B - Have her begin administering iron drops per the recommended dose
C - Advise her to not give more than 24oz milk daily

A

A and C.

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32
Q

Overweight and obesity are common in Down Syndrome children because they have lower caloric needs due to:

A - low muscle mass
B - lower mobility
C - short stature
D - all of the above

A

D - all of the above

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33
Q

Signs that indicate feeding problems in toddlers include:

A - low interest in eating
B - long mealtimes (>30 minutes)
C - preferring liquids over solids
D - refusing foods
E - All of the above
A

E - all of the above

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34
Q

Healthy toddlers are likely to develop diarrhea from ___________.

A - introduction of vegetables into their diet
B - addition of too much fat in their diet
C - consumption of eggs
D - drinking too much fruit juice
E - drinking 2% milk versus whole milk

A

D - drinking too much fruit juice can cause diarrhea

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35
Q

Celiac sprue is a disease that usually develops by __ years of age.

A

2

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36
Q

Dietary management of Celiac disease requires the elimination of which grains?

A

Wheat, rye, oats, and barley

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37
Q

Breathing problems in children:

A - increase nutritional needs
B - lower interest in eating
C - slow growth rate
D - All of the above
E - A and C only
A

D - all of the above

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38
Q

Typical food allergies do NOT include_____:

A - eggs
B - soy
C - rice
D - peanuts
E - wheat
A

C - rice

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39
Q

The AVERAGE caloric need of infants in their first six months of life is ____ per kg of body weight, based on growth in breast-fed infants.

A - 58 Calories
B - 98 Calories
C - 108 Calories
D - 122 Calories

A

C - 108 calories per kg of body weight is the average caloric need in first 6 months

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40
Q

The two essential fatty acids required in an infants diet are alpha-linolenic acid and _____ acid.

A

linoleic

ALA and LA are essential fatty acids

41
Q

If an infant is exclusively breastfed and not exposed to adequate amount of sunlight, he/she would need to supplement ________ .

A

Vitamin D

42
Q

Which of the following is a warning sign indicating growth problems?

A - Plateau in head circumference gain for more than one month
B - Lack of height gain
C - Plateau in weight gain for more than one month
D - drop in weight without regain within a few weeks
E - All of the above

A

E - all of the above

43
Q 
Infants need a higher fat diet than older people; therefore, up to \_\_\_\_\_ of calories from fat may be recommended:
A - 32%
B - 40%
C - 55%
D - 60%
A

C - 55%

44
Q

What is one of the signs associated with inadequate growth?

A - weight loss within the first week after birth
B - Weight remaining stable over 3 months
C - weight gain over 3 months
D - missing weights in the medical record

A

B - weight remaining stable over 3 months

45
Q

What is the most appropriate nutritional intervention for a special needs infant who has gastroesophageal reflux and swallowing difficulty?

A - Add 4oz fruit juice as a snack
B - Feed infant more often
C - mix baby rice cereal with standard formula or breast milk
D - Supplement with a mixture of amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals

A

C - mix baby rice cereal with standard formula or breastmilk ??

46
Q

When should solid food introduction begin?

A

When the child is showing signs of food readiness

47
Q

Preschool children have a _______ appetite compared to infants
A - Increased
B - Decreased
C - Similar

A

B - decreased

48
Q

If an infant gets constipated following food introduction, what dietary changes would you recommend?

A

Increasing consumption of “p” foods - pears, peas, peaches, prunes, plums
Increasing water intake

49
Q

Honey can increase the risk of infant botulism and should not be introduced prior to what age?

A

12 months

50
Q

Which of the following strategies would be appropriate for parents to use in teaching young children about healthy eating behaviors?

A - Give desserts as a reward
B - Having separate meals for adults and children
C - Coax the child to eat at meal times
D - Serve family meals and allow the child to self-serve portions

A

D - serve the family meals and allow the child to self-serve portions

51
Q

The best treatment for an adolescent pregnant woman with an eating disorder is to:

A - remind her to eat foods that help with weight gain
B - refer her to an eating disorder clinic that uses a team approach to solve nutritional issues
C - bargain with the woman to consume larger food portions but tell her that she can still vomit after eating
D - listen to her anxiety and fear of weight gain without commenting negatively on it

A

B - refer her to an eating disorder clinic that uses a team approach to solve nutritional issues

52
Q

The struggle for independence that characterizes adolescent psychosocial development may lead to the development of health-compromising eating behaviors, including:

A - excessive dieting
B - meal skipping
C - use of unconventional nutritional supplements
D - the adoption of fad diets
E - all of the above
A

E - all of the above

53
Q

Protein requirements for males are highest at ___ years.

A

15-18 years

54
Q

The protein requirement is greatest for females when the height growth spurt occurs. What age range would this be?

A

11-14 years

55
Q

The best reason for wanting young adolescents to consume foods that provide adequate calcium is____.

A - young adolescents expend more energy from increased physical activity and need more calcium
B - young adolescents do not have much money and dairy foods are least expensive to buy
C - young adolescents retain four times as much calcium as adults and build critical bone mass
D - young adolescents fight with their parents a lot and this would eliminate one food battle

A

C - young adolescents retain four times as much calcium as adults and build critical bone mass

56
Q

A range of medical and psychosocial complications accompanies overweight adolescents, including all of the following EXCEPT:

A - hypertension
B - type 1 diabetes
C - dyslipidemia
D - sleep apnea
E - insulin resistance
A

B - type 1 diabetes (this is an autoimmune condition

57
Q

Carbohydrate loading for athletes is the process of:

A

eating low-carb foods for the first 3 days of the week, while continuing to exercise, and then consuming a high-carb diet the 3 days prior to competition while exercising minimally

58
Q

Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of iron; therefore, they should be avoided within ___ hour(s) of taking the iron supplement

A

one hour

59
Q

Potential effects of substance use on nutritional status include all of the following EXCEPT:

A - reduced nutrient intake
B - increased nutrient bioavailability
C - appetite suppression
D - iron-deficiency anemia
E - increased nutrient destruction
A

B - increased nutrient bioavailability

60
Q

Risk factors for hypertension among adolescents include all of the following except:

A - a high dietary intake of sodium
B - an inactive lifestyle
C - being underweight
D - smoking
E - hyperlipidemia
A

C - being underweight

61
Q

Binge-eating disorder differs from Bulimia nervosa in that binge eating:

A - does not include binges on “Fast” or “junk” foods
B - does not involve eating large amounts of food in a short period of time
C - does include large amounts of fruits and vegetables during a binge episode
D - does not involve compensatory behaviors
E - involves stool softeners, not laxatives

A

D - does not involve compensatory behaviors

62
Q

Key goals of nutritional care for someone in treatment for an eating disorder would include:

A - establishing a regular pattern of nutritionally balanced meals
B - gradually introducing forbidden foods into the diet
C - avoiding dieting behaviors and excessive exercise
D - thoroughly assessing dietary intake and adequacy
E - all of the above

A

E - all of the above

63
Q

A pregnant teen that is deficient in iron early in pregnancy is at higher risk of:

A - remaining iron deficient after delivery
B - having a low-birth weight baby
C - having a preterm baby
D - craving unusual foods
E - B and C only
A

E - B and C only

remaining iron deficient after delivery, and
having a preterm baby

64
Q

Females experience a ____ % increase in body fat during pregnancy.

A

120%

65
Q

During peak weight gain, adolescent males can gain an average of ____ lb/year.

A

20 pounds per year

66
Q

Protein needs for children with special health care needs are variable, depending on the chronic health care condition. An example of conditions that has a higher protein requirement would be:

A - wound healing
B - Cystic fibrosis
C - PKU
D - All of the above
E - A and B only
A

E - A and B only

67
Q

The most significant predictor of childhood obesity has been found to be:

A

maternal obesity

68
Q

Children with chronic conditions may have more difficulty meeting the DRI for vitamins and minerals as a result of:

A - feeding difficulties
B - prescribed medications
C - dietary restrictions
D - refusing foods
E - all of the above
A

E - all of the above

69
Q

Children with which condition(s) ______ would always be interpreted as overweight on standard growth charts because they have altered muscle size and/or short statures?

A

Down Syndrome and Spina bifida

70
Q

Fat-soluble vitamin supplements are recommended for children with ____ due to poor intestinal absorption of these nutrients.

A - diabetes
B - seizures
C - PKU
D - cystic fibrosis
E - all of the above
A

D - cystic fibrosis

71
Q

Which of the following WOULD be allowed on a diet for PKU?

A - Low protein corn bread
B - Low-carbohydrate corn bread
C - Low-fat corn bread
D - Egg white omelets
E - Chicken and fish, but not beef
A

A - low-protein corn bread

72
Q

Nutritional concerns in ADHD include:

A - medication side effects that decrease appetite
B - maintaining growth while still being medicated
C - mealtime behavoir
D - all of the above
E - both A and B only

A

D - all of the above

73
Q

What is the importance of taking pancreatic enzymes when a child has cystic fibrosis?

A

These enzymes help digest foods and when they are missing, food is malabsorbed

74
Q

What type of diet has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of seizures in children:

A

Low-carbohydrate, high fat diet

75
Q

The decline in estrogen production in women after menopause leads to all of the following EXCEPT:

A - more acne
B - accelerated loss of bone mass
C - an increase in abdominal fat
D - greater risk of cardiovascular disease
E - all of the above occur with a decline in estrogen

A

A - more acne does not occur with less estrogen

76
Q

To lose one pound per week, a person would need to eat ____ fewer calories per day.

A

500

77
Q 
A simple calculation used to give you a "ballpark" calorie level for weight maintenance is to multiply your body weight by the number\_\_\_\_\_.
13,
15,
17,
25
A

17 is incorrect.

so it is either 13 or 15.

78
Q

Average daily fiber recommendations are ___ g for males and ____g for females.

A

38g/day for males

25 g/day for females

79
Q

At perimenopause many women need to take ______ and ________ to prevent bone loss.

A

Calcium and vitamin D

80
Q

A high-intensity dietary approach for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease called Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes includes all of the following except:

A - 50-60% of total calories from carbohydrates
B - Trans-fat intake of less than 1% of calories
C - less than 7% of total calories from saturated fat
D - avoid eggs and ALL dairy foods
E - up to 20% of calories from monounsaturated fats

A

D - avoid eggs and all dairy foods is not included

NOTE - trans-fat sources can include fried foods like doughnuts, breaded fast foods, and french fries, and baked goods including cakes, pie crusts, biscuits, frozen pizza, cookies, crackers, and stick margarines and other spreads

81
Q

Having a BMI of _____ means a person is obese.

A

> 30

82
Q

Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of which of the following conditions?

A - sleep apnea
B - gallbladder disease
C - Type 2 diabetes
D - Osteoarthritis
E - all of the above
A

E - all of the above

83
Q

Metabolic syndrome is related to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include:

A -elevated fasting blood glucose levels
B - abdominal obesity
C - high LDL levels
D - low HDL levels
E - All of the above
A

E - all of the above, plus hypertension. 3 of these required for diagnosis with MetS

84
Q

Of all the physiological changes that occur with aging, the biggest effect on nutritional status is due to shifts in the __________.

A

Could be nervous system???
Olfactory, etc…
(GI system was incorrect)

85
Q

According national intake data, older adults are not getting enough:

A - potassium
B - vitamin A, D, E, and K
C - magnesium
D - calcium
E - all of the above
A

E - all of the above

86
Q

It is difficult to meet vitamin and mineral needs at calorie levels below:

A

1600 kcal/day

87
Q

It is common for the elderly to have suboptimal vitamin D status or develop vitamin D deficiency due to all of the following EXCEPT:

A - inadequate exposure to sunlight and/or increased use of sunscreen
B - decreased intake of vitamin D containing foods
C - use of medications that may interfere with metabolism of vitamin D
D - All of the above

A

D - all of the above

88
Q

Which of the following statements is true about calcium supplementation and absorption?

A - low calcium levels have been linked to colon cancer, overweight, and hypertension
B - high intake of calcium interferes with zinc and iron absorption
C - high intake of calcium may result in elevated urinary excretion of calcium
D - calcium is better absorbed in pill form
E - A, B, and C only

A

E - A, B and C only

89
Q

Recommendations for the macronutrients for the elderly are:

A

45-65% from carbohydrates
10-35% from protein
20-35% from fat

Note - same as all adults

90
Q

Two leading causes of death among the elderly are heart disease and _________.

A

Cancer

91
Q

How is nutritional status affect when an older adult has a stroke?

A - The ability to swallow may be forgotten
B - the ability to chew may be altered
C - Teaching may need to be done on how to feed oneself
D - all of the above

A

D - all of the above

92
Q

Which of the following nutrient intakes is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?

A - inadequate calcium intake
B - heavy alcohol consumption
C - low body weight
D - increased iron intake

A

D - increased iron intake

93
Q

The adequate intake of calcium for women 51 and older is:

A

1200 mg/day

94
Q

The adequate intake of calcium for children and adolescents between the ages of 9-18 is:

A

1300 mg/day

95
Q

The adequate intake of calcium for pregnant adolescents is:

A

1300 mg/day

96
Q

The adequate intake of calcium for males 51 and older is:

A

1000 mg/day

97
Q

The adequate intake of calcium for adults ages 19-50 is:

A

1000 mg/day

98
Q

The adequate intake of calcium for a pregnant adult is:

A

1000 mg/day

560H Developmental Nutrition (my own) (1 decks)

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