560E Flashcards
Waist circumference for a male that is greater than ____ is considered indicative of increased risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD.
a. 30
b. 35
c. 40
d. 45
c. 40
Waist circumference for a female that is greater than ____ is considered indicative of increased risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD.
a. 30
b. 35
c. 40
d. 45
b. 35
A waist/hip ratio of less than 1 is ideal.
True/False
True
BIA is based on difference in electrolyte content within fatty tissues.
True/false
FALSE….it is based on difference in electrolyte content between fat and fat free tissues
The following are ways to assess which disorder?
Hills/valley in hands Chair Test DEXA BIA Grip test Creatine excretion
SARCOPENIA
Visceral fat is anti-inflammatory.
True/false
FALSE, it’s pro-inflammatory
Inflammation is associated with dysmetabolism and vascular conditions.
True/False
True
Waist circumference and W/H ratio are not CVD event predictors.
True False
FALSE, they are.
Dark red urine is like from bleeding in the…..
bladder
urethra
kidneys
liver
kidneys
Bright red urine is likely from bleeding due to
kidney disease
bladder infection UTI
stones
UTI
Dark yellow urine is usually seen in …
infections
kidney failure
increased levels of urobilinogen or bilirubin
increased levels of urobilinogen or bilirubin
Rhubarb can turn urine….., while beets can turn it….
red, brown
green, brown
brown, green
brown, red
brown, red
Sweet smell of urine indicates UTI.
T/F
False….indicates ketoacidosis
Foul odor of urine indicates UTI
T/F
True
Diets high in fruits and vegetables produce urine that is _____.
alkaline
acidic
alkaline
Meats produce urine that is more
alkaline
acidic
acidic
Protein is a sensitive indicator of kidney functioning.
T/F
True
Specific gravity is used to evaluate _____ power of kidneys
pH balancing
excretory
calcitriol producing
excretory
Elevated ___ indicates obstruction of bile duct by gallstones.
bilirubin
casts
leukocytes
bilirubin
Urobilinogen is bile transformed in bowel by bacteria, some of which is excreted by kidneys.
T/F
True
Do crystals indicate likely stone formation?
Yes
Cellular (from degenerated cells) and Hyaline (from protein) are types of:
infections
casts
leukocytes
crystals
casts
BUN is an indirect measure of renal function and GFR.
T/F
True
Which peptide connects the alpha and beta chains of proinsulin?
a-peptide
b-peptide
c-peptide
d-peptide
c-peptide
C-peptide accurately reflect islet cell function. and correlates with insulin levels (except in obese patients and insulinomas).
T/F
True
Assessing Insulin Resistance and monitoring diabetes can be done with the following:
A1c > 6.5 Fasting blood glucose Glucose tolerance HDL <35 TG >250 CRP >3 All of the above
all
HDL should be below 35
T/F
False…this level would be higher risk for CVD. Males should be > 45 and females > 55
TGs should be < 160 for men and < 135 for women
T/F
True
How many of the following criteria need to be met for MetSyndrome? All, 3, 4
Elevated WC (35 for women, 40 for men) Elevated TGs (>150) Low HDL (<35) High BP (> 130/85) High fasting blood sugar (>100)
3 of these are required to determine MetSyn
Endothelial dysfunction is a combination of inflammation and oxidative stress.
T/F
True
Total protein is measured as albumin and globulin.
T/F
True
Lipids are classified by:
size
volume
density
shape
density
LDL particle size is the least important lipoprotein predictor of CV events.
True/False
FALSE…it’s the MOST important
Ferritin is most sensitive to determine IDA.
True/False
True
Ferritin should be used in conjunction with TIBC and other markers because it can be elevated due to infection/inflammation and liver disease.
True/False
True
What is a measurement of all proteins available for binding iron?
Protoporphyrin
Transferrin
TIBC
Serum iron
TIBC
Which is the largest quantity of iron binding proteins?
Protoporphyrins
Transferrins
Ferritins
Ceruloplasmins
Transferrin
Serum iron is better for diagnosing iron overload than deficiency.
T/F
True
PTH regulates blood____ levels.
thyroid hormone
calcium
magnesium
phosphorous
Calcium
Plasma zinc is not bound by anything
T/F
False,…bound by albumin
RBC zinc contains 10x less zinc than plasma
T/F
False, 10x more
Metallothionen regulates which mineral metabolism?
zinc. copper
Which mineral affects Delta-6-Desaturase (active in LA to GLA conversion)?
Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Iron
Zinc
Copper is necessary for normal iron metabolism and RBC synthesis
T/F
True
Zinc deficiency can exacerbate IDA
t/F
True
WBCs could be low due to iron/B12 deficiency, and stress/hormonal issues.
T/F
True
high platelets COULD indicate iron deficiency
True/False
True
Low platelets could indicate b12/folate deficiency
true/false
True
Changes in cortisol output would be expected with HPA abnormalities.
T/F
True
Adrenal fatigue is not related to HPA abnormalities.
True/False
FALSE
AST is specific for liver disease.
T/F
False, not by itself…combined with ALT
AST/ALT ratio > 1 can indicate liver disease
True/False
True
TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) is used to measure:
RBC health
Thyroid antibodies
lipid peroxidation products
glutathione status
lipid peroxidation products
Which would have the least effect on TBARS?
B6
CoQ10
Vit C
Vit E
B6
Functional tests which assess oxidative changes in lipids can assess status of which:
Vit A
Vit C
vit E
vit D
Vitamin E
Angular stomatitis and cheliosis (dry, cracking, ulcerated lips) are caused by deficiencies of:
B6
B2
B3
All
All
Atrophic lingual papillae and glossitis have these common deficiencies:
B2, B3, B9, B12
B1, B2, B3, B5
B2, b3,B5, B12
B2, B3, B9, B12
Glossitis is caused by lack of B2, B3, B9, b12 and…
Vit A
Vit C
Protein
B6
B6
Atrophic lingual papillae is caused by lack of B2, B3, B9, B12 and … (2 answers)
B6
Protein
Iron
B1
protein, iron
Systolic BP of 120-139 combined with diastolic 80-99 is:
Normal
Prehypertensive
Stage 1 htn
stage 2 htn
Pre-HTN
BP of 140/90 to 159/99 is:
Stage 1 HTN
Stage 2
Stage 1 HTN
BP > 160/100 is
Stage 1 HTN
Stage 2 HTN
Stage 3 HTN
Stage 2
