5.6. Humanistic Approach Flashcards
RODGERS and MASLOW
Developed the humanistic approach. They rejected the behvaiourist and psychodynamic view that human behaviour is determined by outside factor.
Humanistic psychologist emphasise the importance of self-determination and free will.
Free Will
Free will and self-determination
They believe that although people are still affected by external and internal influence, humans still determine their own developments.
Maslow and Rodger’s say that human beings are unique and psych should concern itself with the study of subjective experience, rather than general laws.
Due to this, humanistic view is referred to as ‘person-centred approach’
Hierarchy of Needs - Maslow
A person is only able to progress through the hierarchy once the current needs in the sequence has been met.
Most people have an innate desire to achieve their full potential. To achieve self actualisation the lower levels must first be met.
Humanistic psychologist regard personal growth as an essential part of the what it is to be human. Personal growth requires changing and developing as a person to become fulfilled. HW, not everyone will manage this, there are barriers that might prevent a person achieving their potential.
What is self actualisation?
Is the desire to grow psychologically and fulfil ones full potential, becoming hat you are what you are capable of.
Hierarchy of Needs - order
Self-actualisation
Esteem
Love and Belonging
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs
The Self and Congruence
Rogers claimed that people have two basic needs - positive regard from other people and a feeling of self worth.
Feelings of Self-worth develop in childhood and are formed as a result of the child’s interaction with parents. Further interactions with significant others also influence the persons feelings of self worth.
Rogers argued that for personal growth to be achieved an individual’s concept of self must be similar to their ideal self in order to achieve congruence.
If there is a difference the self and the ideal self, the person experiences a state of incongruence.
Congruence
Is the self image is different to the ideal self. There is only a little overlap. Therefore a person will struggle to self actualise.
Incongruence
The self image is similar to the ideal self. there is a lot of overlap. there for a person is more likely to self actualise.
Congruence and incongruence
The closer our self image and ideal self are to each, the greater the congruence and the higher our feeling of self-worth
Conditions of worth
Unconditional (positive regard) - When a person is accepted for who they are and what they do
Conditional (positive regard) - When they are accepted only if they do what others want them to do
Influence on counselling
Rodgers claimed that an individual’s psychological problems were a direct result of their conditions of worth and the conditional positive regard they received from other people.
He believed that, with counselling, people would be able to solve their own problems in constructive ways, an move towards becoming a more fully functioning person.
