5.6 Forces and Motion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

does a distance quantity require a specific direction? i.e. is it a scalar or vector quantity?

A

no specific direction is required so it is a scalar quantity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

if an object moves 3 metres to the left and then 3 metres back to its initial position, what is the object’s total displacement?

A
  • the object has zero displacement
  • displacement is a vector quantity so it also involves direction
  • the object starts and ends at the same point
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how can the distance travelled by an object be calculated from a velocity-time graph?

A

it is equal to the area under the graph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

state the typical value for the speed of sound.

A

330 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a typical value for human walking speed?

A

1.5 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a typical value for human running speed?

A

3 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

state the equation linking distance, speed and time.

A

distance = speed x time
distance (m), speed (m/s), time (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a typical value for human cycling speed?

A

6 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how can speed be calculateed from a distance-time graph?

A

the speed is equal to the gradient of the graph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why can an object travelling at a constant speed in a circle not have a constant velocity?

A
  • speed is a scalar quanity
  • velocity is a vector quantity which means it can only be constant if the direction is constant
  • in circular motion, the direction is continuously changing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what must be done to calculate speed at a given time from a distance-time graph for an accelerating object?

A
  • drawing a tangent to the curve at the required time
  • calculating the gradient of the tangent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is inertia?

A

the tendency of an object to continue in its state of rest or uniform motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

state the equation for the average acceleration of an object.

A

acceleration = (charge in velocity)/(time taken)
acceleration (m/s^2), velocity (m/s), time (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what can be said about the resultant force acting on an object when it is falling at terminal velocity?

A
  • the resultant force is zero
    -when at terminal velocity, the object is moving at a constant speed and so ins’t accelerating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is inertial mass?

A
  • a measure of how diffidualt it is to change a given object’s velocity
  • the ratio of force over acceleration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

give an approximate value for the acceleration of an object in free fall under gravity near the earth’s surface.

A

9.8 m/s^2

8
Q

if an object changes direction but remains at a constant speed, is there a resultant force?

A

since there is a change in direction, there is a change in velocity and so there must be a resultant force.

8
Q

state newton’s first law for a stationary object.

A

if the resultant force on a stationary object is zero, the object will remain at rest.

9
Q

state newton’s first law for a moving object.

A

if the resultant force on a moving object is zero, the object will remain at constant velocity (same speed in same direction).

9
Q

state newton’s second law in words.

A

an object’s acceleration is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

9
Q

statethe defining equation for newton’s second law.

A

resultant force = mass x acceleration
F = ma

9
Q

what can be said about the braking forces and driving forces when a car is travelling at constant velocity?

A

the braking forces are equal to the driving forces.

10
Q

what is the symbol used to represent an approximate value?

A

11
Q

what is the stopping distance of a vehicle equal to?

A

the sum of thinking distance and braking distance.

11
Q

state newton’s third law.

A

whenever two objects interact, the forces that they exert on each other are always equal and opposite.

12
Q

for a given braking distance, if the vehicle’s speed is increased, what can be said about its stopping distance?

A

the stopping distance is increased with an increase in speed.

12
Q

give a typical range of values for human reaction time.

A

0.2 seconds - 0.9 seconds

12
Q

give two factors which may affect braking distancel.

A
  1. adverse (wet/icy) road conditions
  2. poor tyre/brake conditions
13
Q

describe the energy transfers that take place when a car applied its brakes.

A
  • work is done by the friction force between the brakes and wheel
  • kinetic energy of the wheel is converted to heat and is dissipated to the surroundings through the brake discs
13
Q

give three factors which can affect a driver’s reaction time.

A
  1. tiredness
  2. drugs
  3. alcohol
14
Q

to stop a car in a given distance, if its velocity is increased, what must happen to the braking force applied?

A

the braking force must also be increased.

15
Q

state two consequences of a vehicle undergoing very large decelerations.

A
  1. kinetic energy converted to heat is very high causing brakes to overheat
  2. loss of control of the vehicle