5.6

Question 1

Fat

Answer 1

an organic substance that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

Question 3

Cellular Respiration

Answer 3

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 4

ATP

Answer 4

a form of energy released during cellular respiration that provides cells with the energy needed to perform their functions

Question 5

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 5

the chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.

Question 6

Glycolysis

Answer 6

process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released

Question 7

Cytosol

Answer 7

The fluid found inside cells

Question 8

Krebs Cycle

Answer 8

part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced

Question 9

Electron transport chain reaction

Answer 9

part of the aerobic respiration process

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.

Question 11

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 11

the chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

Question 12

Lactic Acid

Answer 12

an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate

Question 13

Ethanol

Answer 13

an end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol

Question 14

Obligate Anaerobes

Answer 14

organisms that can respire only anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen)