5.5 Plant And Animal Responses Flashcards
Communication system must enable certain things
Detection of change in environment
Cell signaling to occur between all parts of body
Coordinate a range of effectors
Suitable response
What is the nerves system split into
Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
What is the central nervous system made of
Spine and brain
What is the peripheral nerves system made up of
- motor system which splits into somatic and autonomic
- sensory system
What type of neurone are in the brain
Contains relay neurones that are mostly not myelinated and look like grey tissue
Type of neurone in the spinal cord
Also contains relay neurones however it has not myelinated ones and and also myelinated which carry action potentials up and down the spinal cord for rapid response over long distances
Role and structure of peripheral nervous system
Role: to ensure rapid communication between sensory receptors, the CNS and the effectors
Structure: made up of sensory and motor neurones that a bundled together in a connective tisssue sheath to form nerves
Somatic nervous system
Motor neurones that conduct voluntary action potentials eg skeletal muscle
These neurones are mostly myelinated and there is 1 neurone connecting CNS to the effector
Autonomic nervous system
Consist of motor neurones that control your involuntary action potentials eg: smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
The control of these tissue does not require rapid response therefore it has non myelinated neurones and there are at least 2 neurones connecting effector to the CNS
What can the autonomic nervous system be divided up into
The sympathetic system and the parasympathetic
What is it called where neurones meet at small swelling at the CNS
Ganglia
When is the sympathetic sytstem active
It is active in times of stress and triggers fight or flight response
When is the parasympathetic system active
Active in times of relaxation
What affects does the sympathetic system have on the body
Increase heart rate Dilated pupils Increase ventilation rate Reduce digestive activity Orgasm
What affects does the parasympathetic system have on the body
Decrease heart rate Constricts pupils Reduces ventilation Increase digestive activity Sexual arousal
