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2nd Year - Alimentary Physiology > 5.5. Overview of the Liver > Flashcards

5.5. Overview of the Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 major lobes of the Liver?

A
  1. The Left Lobe

2. The Right Lobe

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2
Q

What separates the 2 major lobes of the Liver?

A

The Falciform Ligament

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3
Q

What does the Falciform Ligament attach the Liver to?

A

The Anterior Abdominal Wall

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4
Q

What is attached to the Falciform Ligament?

A

The Round Ligament

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5
Q

What is the Round Ligament an Embryological Remnant of?

A

The Umbilical Vein

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6
Q

What are the 2 Minor Lobes of the Liver?

A
  1. The Caudate Lobe

2. The Quadrate Lobe

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7
Q

Where can the Caudate Lobe be found?

A
  1. On the Posterosuperior Surface of the Liver

2. Just Medial to the Inferior Vena Cava

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8
Q

Where can the Quadrate Lobe of the Liver be found?

A
  1. On the Poesteroinferior Surface of the Liver

2. Just Anterior to the Gallbladder

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9
Q

What separates the 2 Minor Lobes of the Liver?

A

The Porta Hepatis

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10
Q

What is contained within the Porta Hepatis?

A
  1. The Hepatic Portal Vein
  2. The Hepatic Artery
  3. The Hepatic Ducts
  4. The Hepatic Nerve Plexus
  5. Lymphatic Vessels
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11
Q

What joins together to form the Common Hepatic Duct?

A
  1. The Right Hepatic Duct

2. The Left Hepatic Duct

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12
Q

What, from the Gallbladder, fuses with the Common Hepatic Duct?

A

The Cystic Duct

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13
Q

What is formed as the Common Hepatic Duct and the Cystic Duct fuse?

A

The Common Bile Duct

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14
Q

What does the Common Bile Duct do?

A

It sends Bile from the Liver / Gallbladder into the Duodenum

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15
Q

Where does the Common Bile Duct enter into the Duodenum?

A

At the Major Duodenal Papilla (aka the Sphincter of Oddi)

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16
Q

What, other than the Common Bile Duct, enters into the Duodenum at the Major Duodenal Papilla?

A

The Pancreatic Duct

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17
Q

Where is the Bare Area of the Liver located?

A

On the Superior Right Lobe

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18
Q

What is in contact with the Bare Area of the Liver?

A

The Diaphragm

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19
Q

Is the Bare Area of the Liver covered by Peritoneum?

A

No

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20
Q

Is the rest of the Liver (except the Bare Area) covered in Visceral Peritoneum?

A

Yes

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21
Q

What, other than Visceral Peritoneum, covers the Liver?

A

A Connective Tissue Capsule

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22
Q

Is the Bare Area of the Liver covered in a Connective Tissue Capsule?

A

No

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23
Q

What is the Bare Area of the Liver surrounded by?

A

The Coronary Ligament

24
Q

What does the Coronary Ligament connect the Liver to?

A

The Diaphragm

25
Q

What divides the Liver into Hexagonal Lobules?

A

The Septa

26
Q

What is contained, within the Septa, at each corner of the Hexagonal Lobule the Liver is Divided into?

A

A Portal Triad

27
Q

What is contained within a Portal Triad?

A
  1. A Hepatic Portal Vein
  2. A Hepatic Artery
  3. A Hepatic Duct
28
Q

What is in the Center of this Hexagonal Lobule?

A

A Hepatic Vein

29
Q

Where does the Blood Drain from / to?

A

From - The Hepatic Artery and the Hepatic Portal Vein

To - The Central Vein

30
Q

Where do the Central Veins drain into?

A

The Hepatic Veins

31
Q

Where do the Hepatic Veins drain into?

A

The Inferior Vena Cava

32
Q

What radiates out from the Central Veins to the Portal Triads?

A

Hepatic Cords

33
Q

What are Hepatic Cords composed of?

A

Hepatocytes

34
Q

What is found within the Hepatic Cords?

A

A Bile Canaliculus

35
Q

What is a Bile Canaliculus?

A

A cleft-like lumen betwen cells which transports Bile towards the Hepatic Duct

36
Q

What is found between the Hepatic Cords?

A

Hepatic Sinusoids

37
Q

What are Hepatic Sinusoids?

A

Blood Channels

38
Q

What supplies the Oxygen Depleted, Nutrient Rich Blood from the Alimentary Canal to the Hepatic Sinusoids?

A

The Hepatic Portal Vein

39
Q

What supplies the Oxygen Rich, Nutrient Depleted Blood from the Alimentary Canal to the Hepatic Sinusoids?

A

The Hepatic Artery

40
Q

What happens in the Hepatic Sinusoids?

A

The Blood from the Hepatic Artery and the Hepatic Portal Vein mix to become an Oxygen and Nutrient Rich Blood supply

41
Q

Where does the blood flow from the Hepatic Sinusoids?

A

Into the Central Veins

42
Q

What are the functions of Hepatocytes which surround the Hepatic Sinusoids?

A
  1. Nutrient Storage and Interconversion
  2. Detoxification of the Blood
  3. Bile Synthesis
43
Q

What nutrients are absorbed from the blood at the Hepatocytes which surround the Hepatic Sinusoids?

A
  1. Glycogen
  2. Fat
  3. Vitamins A, D, E, K, and B12
  4. Copper
  5. Iron
44
Q

What does Bile, produced by the Hepatocytes lining the Hepatis Sinusoids consist of?

A
  1. Bile Acids
  2. Lecithin
  3. Cholesterol
  4. Bile Pigments
  5. Toxic Metals
  6. Bicarbonate (secreted by Duct Cells)
45
Q

What is the function of Bile Acids in Bile?

A

It is used to Solubilise Fat

46
Q

What is the function of Lecithin in Bile?

A

It is used to Solubilise Fat

47
Q

What is the function of Cholesterol in Bile?

A

It is used to Solubilise Fat

48
Q

What is the function of Bile Pigments in Bile?

A

It is Bilirubin

49
Q

What is Bilirubin?

A

The Breakdown Product of Old / Damaged Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

50
Q

Why are Toxic Metals secreted in Bile?

A

It is a method of allowing the toxins from the detoxified blood to leave

51
Q

What is the function of Bicarbonate in the Bile?

A

This is used to Neutralize the Acid in Chyme

52
Q

What are Bile Acids Synthesized from?

A
  1. Cholesterol (by Hepatocytes)

2. Glycine or Taurine (to increase solubility and form Bile Salts)

53
Q

How are secreted Bile Salts recycled?

A

They are reabsorbed at the Ileum and returned via the Hepatic Portal Vein (Enterohepatic Circulation)

54
Q

What colour does Bilirubin give Bile?

A

Yellow

55
Q

What can Bilirubin be modified to (By Gut Flora) form in Faeces?

A

The Brown Colour

56
Q

What can happen to Bilirubin once re-absorbed? (Other than be recycled by the Liver)

A

It can be secreted in the Urine, giving it its yellow Colour

2nd Year - Alimentary Physiology (21 decks)

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