5.3.1 Transition elements

Question 1

What is a d block element?

Answer 1

an element where its highest energy electron is in a d subshell

Question 2

electron config of copper?

Answer 2

…..3d^5 4s^1

Question 3

electron config of chromium?

Answer 3

…..3d^10 4s^1

Question 4

what is a transition element?

Answer 4

d-block elements that have an ion with an incomplete d-subsell

Question 5

what is the rule when losing electrons?

Answer 5

lose electrons from the 4s subshell first

Question 6

why are scandium and zinc not transition elements?

Answer 6

They dont hae an ion with an incomplete d-shubshell

Question 7

what are the 4 properties of transitions metals??

Answer 7

Varitable oxidation states
form coloured ions and compounds
catalysts
they can form complexes

Question 8

give three examples of transition elements as catalysts

Answer 8

Ni in hydrogenation
Fe in habver process
V2O5 in contact process

Question 9

what is the bonding in complex ions called?

Answer 9

Dative covalent

Question 10

what is a complex ion?

Answer 10

A species with ligands linked to a metal ion by dative covalent bonds

Question 11

what is a ligand

Answer 11

Species which can donate a lone pair of electrons to the metal ion in a complex making a dative covalent bond

Question 12

what is the coordination number?

Answer 12

The number of dative covalent bonds made by a metal ion in a complex

Question 13

what in the ion in the centre of a complex ion called?

Answer 13

central metal ion

Question 14

what are the 3 types of ligands which can form, and what are thier bond angles?

Answer 14

Tetrahedral - 109.5
square planar - 90
Octahedral - 90

Question 15

what is the order when naming complexes?

Question 16

what is the negative complex of iron, copper and gold ?

Answer 16

ferrate, cuprate and aurate

Question 17

what do you add on when its a negative complex?

Answer 17

-ate

Question 18

name [cucl4]2-

Answer 18

tetrachlorocuprate ii

Question 19

name [cr(nh3)6]3+

Answer 19

hexaamminechromium iii

Question 20

hexaaquacobalt ii

Answer 20

[Co(H2O)6]2+

Question 21

tetrachlorocobaltate ii

Answer 21

[Co(Cl)4]2-

Question 22

hexaaquacobalt ii + 4cl-

Answer 22

tetrachlorocobaltate ii + 6h2o

Question 23

what is the colour change of hexaaquacobalt ii to
tetrachlorocobaltate ii

Answer 23

pink to blue

Question 24

aqueous cobalt chloride with HCl

Answer 24

hexaaquacobalt ii + 4cl- —-> tetrachlorocobaltate ii + 6h2o

Question 25

what is a ligand substitution?

Answer 25

where a ligand in a complex is replaced by another ligand

Question 26

what complexes have a tetrahdedral shape?

Answer 26

[CoCl4]2- [CuCl4]2-

Question 27

what complexes have a square planar shape?

Answer 27

[Ni(NH3)2Cl2] [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]

Question 28

what is a structural isomer?

Answer 28

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 29

what is a stereoisomer?

Answer 29

compounds with the same structural formula but a different arragement of atoms in 3D space

Question 30

which side is priority group on? Cis Trans

Answer 30

Prioroty group on: Same side Opposite sides

Question 31

which type of complexes can have cis/trans?

Answer 31

Octahedral/square planar w/ only two different kinds of ligands

Question 32

what is cis platin?

Answer 32

CIS [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] Its an effective anti cancer drug. It binds to DNA and prevents the DNA from being replicated.

Question 33

draw cis platin

Answer 33

Question 34

other than [Ni(NH3)2Cl2] and [Pt(NH3)2Cl2], what other complex has cis-trans isomerism?

Answer 34

[Ni(en)2Cl2]

Question 35

what is a monodentate ligand?

Answer 35

ligands with one lone pair to form one ddative covalent bond to the central metal ion in a complex

Question 36

what is a bidentate ligand?

Answer 36

ligands with two lone pair to form two ddative covalent bond to the central metal ion in a complex

Question 37

give an exmaple of a bidentate ligand

Answer 37

H2NCH2CH2NH2 (en)

Question 38

what is an optical isomer? Where do they occur?

Answer 38

Stereoisomers that are non-super imposable mirror images of each other. Formed by octahedral molecules

Question 39

what is the simple way to draw bidentate ligands?

Answer 39

You draw the molecules with the lone pair and a line between the two

Question 40

describe ligand substitution with chloride ions

Answer 40

excess HCl is added to [Cu(H2O)6]2+ pale blue to yellow solution (green intermediate) six H2O moelcuels replaces with 4 cl- ions

Question 41

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- ------\> ?

Answer 41

[CuCl4]2- + 6H2O

Question 42

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl-------\> [CuCl4]2- + 6H2O colour change

Answer 42

blue -\> (green) -\> yellow

Question 43

Draw [Cu(H2O)6]2+

Answer 43

Question 44

Draw [CuCl4]2-

Answer 44

Question 45

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ w/ ammonia reaction

Answer 45

(dropwise ammonia) Cu(OH)2 intermediate (excess) [Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4NH3 ----\> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ + 4H2O

Question 46

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ w/ ammonia colour change

Answer 46

pale blue -\> dark blue