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1. Chemistry Advanced info > 5.3.1 Transition elements > Flashcards

5.3.1 Transition elements Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a d block element?

A

an element where its highest energy electron is in a d subshell

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2
Q

electron config of copper?

A

…..3d^5 4s^1

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3
Q

electron config of chromium?

A

…..3d^10 4s^1

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4
Q

what is a transition element?

A

d-block elements that have an ion with an incomplete d-subsell

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5
Q

what is the rule when losing electrons?

A

lose electrons from the 4s subshell first

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6
Q

why are scandium and zinc not transition elements?

A

They dont hae an ion with an incomplete d-shubshell

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7
Q

what are the 4 properties of transitions metals??

A

Varitable oxidation states
form coloured ions and compounds
catalysts
they can form complexes

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8
Q

give three examples of transition elements as catalysts

A

Ni in hydrogenation
Fe in habver process
V2O5 in contact process

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9
Q

what is the bonding in complex ions called?

A

Dative covalent

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10
Q

what is a complex ion?

A

A species with ligands linked to a metal ion by dative covalent bonds

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11
Q

what is a ligand

A

Species which can donate a lone pair of electrons to the metal ion in a complex making a dative covalent bond

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12
Q

what is the coordination number?

A

The number of dative covalent bonds made by a metal ion in a complex

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13
Q

what in the ion in the centre of a complex ion called?

A

central metal ion

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of ligands which can form, and what are thier bond angles?

A

Tetrahedral - 109.5
square planar - 90
Octahedral - 90

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15
Q

what is the order when naming complexes?

A
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16
Q

what is the negative complex of iron, copper and gold ?

A

ferrate, cuprate and aurate

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17
Q

what do you add on when its a negative complex?

A

-ate

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18
Q

name [cucl4]2-

A

tetrachlorocuprate ii

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19
Q

name [cr(nh3)6]3+

A

hexaamminechromium iii

20
Q

hexaaquacobalt ii

A

[Co(H2O)6]2+

21
Q

tetrachlorocobaltate ii

A

[Co(Cl)4]2-

22
Q

hexaaquacobalt ii + 4cl-

A

tetrachlorocobaltate ii + 6h2o

23
Q

what is the colour change of hexaaquacobalt ii to
tetrachlorocobaltate ii

A

pink to blue

24
Q

aqueous cobalt chloride with HCl

A

hexaaquacobalt ii + 4cl- —-> tetrachlorocobaltate ii + 6h2o

25
Q

what is a ligand substitution?

A

where a ligand in a complex is replaced by another ligand

26
Q

what complexes have a tetrahdedral shape?

A

[CoCl4]2-
[CuCl4]2-

27
Q

what complexes have a square planar shape?

A

[Ni(NH3)2Cl2]
[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]

28
Q

what is a structural isomer?

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

29
Q

what is a stereoisomer?

A

compounds with the same structural formula but a different arragement of atoms in 3D space

30
Q

which side is priority group on?
Cis
Trans

A

Prioroty group on:
Same side
Opposite sides

31
Q

which type of complexes can have cis/trans?

A

Octahedral/square planar w/ only two different kinds of ligands

32
Q

what is cis platin?

A

CIS [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
Its an effective anti cancer drug. It binds to DNA and prevents the DNA from being replicated.

33
Q

draw cis platin

A
34
Q

other than [Ni(NH3)2Cl2] and [Pt(NH3)2Cl2], what other complex has cis-trans isomerism?

A

[Ni(en)2Cl2]

35
Q

what is a monodentate ligand?

A

ligands with one lone pair to form one ddative covalent bond to the central metal ion in a complex

36
Q

what is a bidentate ligand?

A

ligands with two lone pair to form two ddative covalent bond to the central metal ion in a complex

37
Q

give an exmaple of a bidentate ligand

A

H2NCH2CH2NH2 (en)

38
Q

what is an optical isomer? Where do they occur?

A

Stereoisomers that are non-super imposable mirror images of each other.

Formed by octahedral molecules

39
Q

what is the simple way to draw bidentate ligands?

A

You draw the molecules with the lone pair and a line between the two

40
Q

describe ligand substitution with chloride ions

A

excess HCl is added to [Cu(H2O)6]2+

pale blue to yellow solution (green intermediate)

six H2O moelcuels replaces with 4 cl- ions

41
Q

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- ——> ?

A

[CuCl4]2- + 6H2O

42
Q

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl——-> [CuCl4]2- + 6H2O colour change

A

blue -> (green) -> yellow

43
Q

Draw [Cu(H2O)6]2+

A
44
Q

Draw [CuCl4]2-

A
45
Q

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ w/ ammonia reaction

A

(dropwise ammonia) Cu(OH)2 intermediate

(excess) [Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4NH3 —-> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ + 4H2O

46
Q

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ w/ ammonia colour change

A

pale blue -> dark blue

47
Q
A

1. Chemistry Advanced info (24 decks)

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