5.3 T-lymphocytes and cell mediated immunity

Question 1

Where are lymphocytes produced, and where do they mature?

Answer 1

-in the bone marrow, by stem cells
-(B-cells) in the bone marrow
(T-cells) in the thymus gland

Question 2

What kind of immune response are lymphocytes involved in?

Answer 2

specific responses

Question 3

How do T-cells distinguish invading cells from self cells?

Answer 3

they respond to antigen-presenting cells (those with antigens on their cell membrane), but not antigens in body fluids. each individual T-cell has receptors that respond to a single antigen, so there are many different types of T-cells for different antigens.

Question 4

Describe the helper T-cell’s response to infection.

Answer 4

-phagocytes ingest invading pathogens and present their antigens on its cell membrane.
-receptors on a specific helper T-cell (T ^H cell) fit perfectly onto these antigens, and this activates the helper T-cell to rapidly divide via mitosis and produce clones
-the cloned helper T-cells may:
develop into memory cells, which may enable a rapid response to future infections of the same pathogen
stimulate phagocytes to engulf pathogens
stimulate B-cells to divide and secrete their antibodies
activate cytotoxic T-cells (T ^C cells)

Question 5

What do cytotoxic T-cells (T ^C cells) do in the immune response?

Answer 5

they kill abnormal and infected cells by producing a protein called perforin, which creates holes in the cell membrane and results in cell death