5.3 - Population Flashcards
What is population?
All of the inhabitants of a particular country with different population growth rates in each country.
What are the factors that effect population growth?
Annual birth rate (Number of people born per 1000 people)
Annual death rate ( Number of people who die per 1000 people)
The net migration
Population = Birth rate - death rate + Net migration
What are the reasons for a country having a different population growth rates?
Different birth rates - Due to different levels of income, education awareness of contraception and family planning
Different death rates - Due to different healthcare standards prevalence of diseases and availability of hospitals and doctors
Different levels of immigration/emigration - Due to better standards of living/job opportunities to attract more people into a country
Different levels of female labour force participation - Due to more education and awareness of contraception and family planning
Different government regulations - such as one child policies, tax breaks or allowances for couples with children which reduce population growth.
What are the problems rich developed countries face?
Increase in immigration more oppotunity
There is often more older people and a lower birth rate
Less need to take time out of work to jeopardise carrers
Costs lots of money to have kids
What are the problems that face a less economically developed country?
High death rate
Lack of access to contraception
Overpopulation not right education about protection
High birth rate
What are the problems faced by a country experiencing rapid economic growth?
Large differences in quality of living standards
Brain drain
Large immigration
Why do low - income countries have a faster rate of population growth than high income countries?
Why do low income countries not have a faster rate of population growth than high countries?
What is optimum population?
When there is a balance between the number of people and the resources/ technology available
What is underpopulation and what problems can it cause?
Where there are more resources available than the population can use effectively.
It can cause an increase in unemployment and less output which leads to a scarce number of resources.
Less aggregate demand prices fall. Disinflation and lower GDP
There will be less jobs and a shortage of workers less income tax revenue
What is overpopulation and what can it cause?
When there are more people in a country than can be supported by resources.
It can cause overemployment, underpaid prices increase
What are population pyramids?
Depiction of gender and age distribution of given population
What are the consequences on the economy of an ageing population ?
Increase in economic activity
Job vacancies
Increase in retirement age
Less efficent with technology
Increased cost of production
Less income tax and revenue
Gov spending, pension, social care and health care increase
Loss of tax
What are the consequences on the economy of a falling birth-rate?
Less workers
Increase support for children via benefit or childcare
Increase incentive to raise a family
Increase in school closures
Smaller working population in the future
What are the consequences of Increasing immigration on the economy?
Increase supply of labour
Increase skilled workers
Consider impact of available resources
Increase consumption
Increase aggregate demand and Increase GDP
