Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology KAT2 Cards > 5.3 Hormonal Coordination in Humans > Flashcards

5.3 Hormonal Coordination in Humans Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give the name of the body’s coordination system which involves hormones

A

The endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A hormone is a chemical messenger secreted by a gland.

It travels in the blood to a target organ, where it causes a response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of organ secretes hormones?

A

Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which gland controls many other glands in the body?

A

The pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is the pituitary gland considered a ‘master gland’?

A

It secretes a wide range of hormones, some of which may stimulate other endocrine glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the role of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?

A

● Secretes human growth hormone - controls human growth.
● Stimulates the thyroid gland.
● Stimulates ovulation and the production of oestrogen in the ovaries.
● Stimulates the production of sperm and testosterone in the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of the thyroid gland in the endocrine system?

A

Secretes the hormone thyroxine - controls metabolism, heart rate and body temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of the pancreas in the endocrine system?

A

Secretes the hormone insulin - controls blood glucose levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of the adrenal gland in the endocrine system?

A

Secretes adrenaline - controls the body’s ‘fight or flight’ response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of the ovaries in the endocrine system?

A

Secrete oestrogen, which coordinates the menstrual cycle and the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of the testes in the endocrine system?

A

Secrete testosterone, which coordinates the production of sperm and the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?

A

The pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the pancreas respond when blood glucose levels are too high?

A

The pancreas secretes the hormone insulin. Insulin binds to receptors on the liver and muscles, causing excess glucose to be converted into glycogen and stored.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the pancreas respond when blood glucose levels are too low?

A

The pancreas secretes the hormone glucagon. Glucagon binds to liver cells, causing glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is blood glucose concentration controlled using a negative feedback loop?

A

● When the blood glucose concentration rises or falls below the optimum, a hormone is secreted by the pancreas.
● The action of either hormone (insulin or glucagon) helps bring back the concentration to the correct level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Type 1 diabetes?

A

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin to control the blood glucose concentration. As a result, blood glucose levels are often very high, leading to excessive urination, tiredness and weight loss.

17
Q

How can Type 1 diabetes be treated?

A

● Insulin injections before meals - allows glucose to be converted into glycogen.
● Limiting carbohydrate intake.
● Attempts using pancreas and pancreatic cell transplants; investigations into genetic engineering of pancreatic cells.

18
Q

What is Type 2 diabetes?

A

Type 2 diabetes is a disorder in which the body’s cells stop responding to insulin, leading to an uncontrolled blood glucose concentration.

Its onset is linked with increasing age and obesity.

19
Q

How can Type 2 diabetes be treated?

A

● Following a carefully-controlled diet
● Doing regular exercise
● Losing weight
● Use of drugs which increase insulin production and effectiveness

20
Q

What is the function of reproductive hormones during puberty?

A

● Males: cause the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
● Females: cause the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the maturation of eggs.

21
Q

What is the main male reproductive hormone?

A

The main male reproductive hormone is testosterone, which is produced by the testes and controls sperm production.

22
Q

What is the main female reproductive hormone?

A

The main female reproductive hormone is oestrogen, which is produced by the ovaries and is involved in the menstrual cycle.

23
Q

What is the menstrual cycle?

A

The menstrual cycle is the monthly cycle of physiological changes that occur in females, involving the shedding of the uterus lining (menstruation) and ovulation.

24
Q

Describe the events of the menstrual cycle

A

● Uterus lining thickens and eggs begin to mature in the ovaries.
● An egg is released from one of the ovaries (ovulation) - uterus lining remains thick.
● If the egg is fertilised, pregnancy may occur. If not, both the egg and the uterus lining are shed during menstruation.

25
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovaries, which occurs approximately every 28 days.

26
Q

Name the four main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle

A

● Oestrogen
● Progesterone
● Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
● Luteinising hormone (LH)

27
Q

What is the role of FSH in the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH is secreted by the pituitary gland. It controls the maturation of eggs within the ovaries (inside a follicle) and triggers the production of oestrogen by the ovaries.

28
Q

What is the role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?

A

Oestrogen is produced by the ovaries and released due to the action of FSH - it causes the regrowth of the uterus lining. It triggers the production of LH and restricts the release of more FSH.

29
Q

What is the role of LH in the menstrual cycle?

A

LH is produced in the pituitary gland as a result of oestrogen. Its release triggers ovulation.

30
Q

What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

A

Progesterone is secreted from the follicle of the ovary. It sustains the uterus lining and inhibits FSH and LH.

Biology KAT2 Cards (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions