5.3

Question 1

List the hierachy of taxa, from largest to smallest

Answer 1

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 2

State the two group of prokaryotes

Answer 2

Eubacteria and Archaea

Question 3

List the four kingdoms of eukaryotes

Answer 3

Plants

Animals

Fungi

Protoctista

Question 4

List the the three domains of life

Answer 4

Eubacteria, archaea and eukaryota

Question 5

List two difficulties in determining the natural classification of species

Answer 5

• Convergent evolution can make distantly related organisms appear superfically similar
• Adaptive radiation can make closely related organisms appear different

Question 6

List two situations in which the reclassificiation of a species may be necessary

Answer 6

If new evidence show that members of a group do not share a common ancestor
The group should be split up into two or more taxa

Or

Species in different taxa are sometimes found to be closely related.

Question 7

Give an example of reclassification

Answer 7

Humans were shown to be more closely related to chimpanzees and gorillas rather than pondigae and orangutangs

Question 8

Give two advantages of natural classification

Answer 8

• Identification of species is easier, species can be identified by assigning taxa.
• Easier to predict the characteristics of species within a group. As all members of a group have evolved from a common ancestral species, therefore they inherit similar characteristics

Question 9

State the four major plant phyla (B,F,C,A)

Answer 9

Bryophyta
Filicinophyta
Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta

Question 10

State the six major animal phyla (P,C,P,M,A,A)

Answer 10

Porifera
Cnidaria 
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Annelida 
Athropoda

Question 11

State the features of Porifera - symmetry, body cavity, segmentation, other features

Answer 11

Asymmetrical
None (have pores)
No segmentation
Spicules for support

Question 12

State the features of Cnidaria - symmetry, body cavity, segmentation, other features

Answer 12

Radial
Mouth but no anus
No segmentation
Stinging cells

Question 13

State the features of Platyhelmintha - symmetry, body cavity, segementation, other features

Answer 13

Bilateral
Mouth but no anus
No segemntation
Flattened body

Question 14

State the features of Mollusca - symmetry, body cavity, segmentation, other features

Answer 14

Bilateral
Mouth and anus
Non-visible
May have a shell made by mantle

Question 15

State the feature of Annelida - symmetry, body cavity, segmentation, other features

Answer 15

Bilateral
Mouth and anus
Segemented
Move via peristalsis

Question 16

State the features of Anthropoda - symmetry, body cavity, segmentation, other features

Answer 16

Bilateral
Mouth and anus
Segmented
Exoskeleton

Question 17

State the five major classes of chordata

Answer 17

Birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals and bony-ray finned fish

Question 18

Outline characteristics of bony ray-finned fish: Skin, Breathing system, Sexual reproduction, Body temperature

Answer 18

Skin - scales which are bony plates in the skin
Breathing system - gills covered by an operculum
Type of fertilisation - external fertilisation
Body temperature - do not maintain constant body temperature.

Question 19

Outline the characteristics of amphibians: Skin, Breathing system, Type of fertilisation, Body temperature

Answer 19

Skin - soft moist skin permeable to water and gases.
Breathing system - lungs with small folds and moist skin for gas exchange.
Type of fertilisation - external
Body temperature - do not maintain body temperature

Question 20

Outline the characterstics of reptiles: Skin, Breathing system, Type of fertilisation, Temperature

Answer 20

Skin - impermeable skin covered in scales of keratin
Breathing system - lungs with extensive folding to increase the surface area
Type of fertilisation - external
Body temperature - do not maintain temperature

Question 21

Outline the characteristics of birds: Skin, Breathing sytstem, Type of fertilisation, Body temperature, Amount of legs

Answer 21

Skin - made with feathers made of keratin
Breathing system - breathe through lungs with parabronchial tubes
Type of fertilisation - internal
Body temperature - Are able to maintain body temperature

Question 22

Outline the characteristics of mammals: Skin, Breathing system, Type of fertilisation, Body temperature

Answer 22

Skin - has follicles with hair made of keratin
Breathing system - breathe through lungs with alveoli, ventilated using ribs and a diaphragm
Type of fertilisation - internal
Body temperature - is able to maintain body temperature

Question 23

Describe characteristics of bryophyta - structure, vascularation, reproduction, other features

Answer 23

Has no ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems
Nonvascular - lacks xylem and phloem
Reproduced by spores in sporangia
Have no roots but rhizoids

Question 24

Describe the characterstics of filicinophyta - structure, vascularisation, reproduction, other features

Answer 24

Have leaves, roots and stems
Have primitive vascular tissue
Reproduced by spores in sporangia
Have pinnate leaves

Question 25

Describe characterstics of coniferophyta - structures, vascularisation, reproduction, other features

Answer 25

Have leaves, roots and stems
Has vascularisation
Reproduced by seeds in cones
Stems are woody

Question 26

Describe the characterstics of angiospermophyta - structure, vascularisation, reproduction, other features

Answer 26

Have leaves, roots and stems
Has vascularisation
Reproduced by seeds in fruits
Have flowers and fruits