52X Upper Limbs Flashcards
Which nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral/anterior aspect of the forearm & what nerve does it originate from?
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve of forearm
O: musculocutaneous nerve
Which 2 nerves have no branches in the arm?
median
ulnar
What is the articular capsule reinforced by and what are their names?
Collateral ligaments;
Radial collateral
ulnar collateral
This extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the radial notch of the ulna
radial collateral ligament
This surrounds the head of the radius?
anular ligament
this connects from the medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process & olecranon of ulna?
Ulnar collateral ligament
This is a thin, strong, fibrous membrane that joins the radius & ulna of forearm & serves as attachment for som deep forearm muscles
interosseous membrane
What type of muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexors & pronators
What type of muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
extensors & supinators
The posterior & anterior compartments can be further classified into 2 groups?
superficial & deep
Where do the muscles of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm originate & what is their function?
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
function: flexion
What are the muscles of the superficial anterior compartmet of the forearm?
Flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis PRONATOR TERES
What is the Insertion / Action / innervation of Flexor Carpi Radialis
Insert: radial anterior hand (base of 2nd/3rd metacarpals)
Act: flex & abducts hand @ wrist (radial deviation)
Inner: median nerve
The flexor carpi radialis causes flexion & abduction of the hand @ the wrist. what is this known as?
radial deviation
What is the insertion / action / inervation of Palmaris Longus?
Insert: flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis
Act: flex hand @ wrist & tightens palmar aponeurosis
Inner: median nerve
What is the insertion / action / innervation of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
Insert: Ulnar anterior hand carpals (Pisiform, hook of hamate, & base of 5th metacarpal)
Act: Flex & adduct hand @ wrist (Ulnar deviation)
Inner: Ulnar nerve
What is the Origin / insertion / action / innervation of Flexor Digitorum superficialis?
O: medial epicondyle of humerus & upper radius & ulna
Insert: anterior surface of middle phalanges of fingers (2-5)
Act: flex fingers, flex hand @ wrist
Inner: Median nerve
What is the origin insertion action innervation of Pronator teres
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
Inser: radius
Act: pronates forearm @ elbow
Inner: median nerve
The muscles of the Deep Anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm all insert @ and function as?
insert on the BASE of distal phalanges
fubction as a flexors
What are the muscles of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm are?
Flexor Pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus
What is the origin / insertion / action / innervation of flexor pollicis longus?
O: radius & interosseous membrane
Insert: disital phalanx of thumb
Act: flew distal phalanx of thumb
Inner: median nerve
What is the origin / insertion / action / innervation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?
O: Ulna & Interosseous membrane
Insert: anterior surface of digits 2-5 distal phalanx
Act: flex fingers @ distal phalanx & assists w/ flexion of hand
inner: median & ulnar nerve
What is the difference in insertion sites of flexor digitorum Superficialis & profundus?
FD Superficialis: inserts @ anterior surface of middle phalanges
FD Profundus inserts @ anterior surface of distal phalanges
When conducting a test of the flexion of interphalangeal joint this is assessing?
function of flexor digitorum profundus
&/or
median nerve which innervates both FDP & FDS
What is characterized by catching, snapping, or locking of involved finger flexor tendon, associated with dysfunction & pain?
Stenosing tenosynovitis “Trigger Finger”
What are the muscle, in order from lateral to medial, of the superficial posterior (extensor) compartment?
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi radialis longus Extensor Carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor Carpi ulnaris
Which muscles of the superficial poterior compartment originate on the more distal portion of humerus & innervated by radial nerve?
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi radialis longus
Which muscles of the superficial poterior compartment originate on epicondyle of humerus & innervated by deep radial nerve?
Extensor Carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor Carpi ulnaris
What is the origin / insertion / action/ innervation of brachioradialis?
O: Humerus
Insert: Radius near styloid process
Act: flex forearm @ elbow Supinates / Pronates forearm back to neutral
Inner: radial nerve
What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus?
O: distal humerus
Insert: radial posterior hand base of 2nd metacarpal
Act: extends & abducts hand @ wrist ( radial deviation)
Inner: radial nerve
What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insert: radial posterior hand base of 3rd metacarpal
Act: extends & abducts hand @ wrist (radial deviation)
Inner: deep radial nerve
What is the Origin / insertion / action / innervation of extensor digitorum?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insert: phalanges of digits of medial 4 digits
Act: extend digits 2-4
Inner: Deep radial nerve
What is the Origin / insertion / action / innervation of extensor digiti minimi?
O: lateral epichondyle of humerus
Insert: phalanx of little finger
Act: extends 5th digit
Inner: deep radial nerve
What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insert: ulnar posterior hand base of 5th metacarpal
Act: extends & adducts hand @ wrist (Ulnar deviation)
Inner: deep radial nerve
What muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the forarm?
Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor Pollicis longus Extensor Pollicis brevis Extensor indicis
What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of Abductor pollicis longus?
O: posterior radius & ulna
Inser: Base of thum @ 1st metacarpal
Act: Abducts & extends thumb
Inner: deep radial nerve
What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of Extensor Pollicis brevis?
O: posterior radius & interosseous membrane
Insert: proximal phalanx of thumb
Act: extends thumb
Inner: deep radial nerve
What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of Extensor Pollicis Longus?
O: Posterior Ulna & IM
Insert: distal phalanx of thumb
Act: extends thumb
Inner: deep radial nerve
What is the origin / insertion/ action / innervation of Extensor indicis?
O: ulna & IM
Insert: Index
Act: extends 2nd digit
Inner: deep radial nerve
Rotating the hand medially so the palm faces posteriorly is what and is a function what nerve?
pronation
median nerve
rotating the hand laterally so the hand faces anteriorly is what & a function of what nerve?
Supination
musculocutaneous & radial nerves
Which muscle pronates & supinates back to neutral?
Brachioradialis
Because Pronators move the radius their insertion and origins are?
Insertion: radius
Origin: ulna
What are the pronators of the forearm?
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Brachioradialis
What is the origin insertion action and innervation of pronator teres?
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insert: radius
Act: pronates forearm @ elbow
Inner: median nerve
What is the origin insertion action and innervation of pronator quadratus?
O: Ulnar (distal shaft)
Insert: radius (distal shaft)
Act: pronates forearm @ radioulnar joint
inner: median nerve
What are the Supination muscles?
Supinator muscle
biceps brachii
brachioradialis
What is the origin insertion action and innervation of Supinator muscle?
O; Humerus @ lateral epicondyle & ulna proximal portion
Insert: proximal radius
Action supinates forearm
Inner: deep radial
Where does the brachial artery end and what does it divide into?
ends @ inferior part of cubital fossa
ulnar & radial arteries
What are the superficial veins of the forearm?
Cephalic
basilic
median antebrachial
Assessing the radial pulse is to compress it against the radius between which 2 tendons
flexor carpi radialis &
abductor pollicis longus
This is a transverse band that is formed from the antebrachial facia thicking posteriorly over distal ends of radius & ulna is known as?
Retinacula
What does the retinacula do?
retains extensor tendons in position & prevents bowstringing
These 2 anterior structures of the wrist are also formed by a thickening of the antebrachial fascia
Palmar carpal ligament
flexor retinaculum (AKA transverse carpal ligament)
The flexor retinaculum streches from where to where?
From scaphoid & trapezium bones on radial side to hamate & pisiform bones on ulnar side
What stuctre forms the carpal tunnel?
The carpals and the flexor retinaculum
What lies between the the palmar carpal ligament & flexor retinaculum?
Tendon of Palmaris longus muscle & ulnar nerve & artery
What tendon lies in the Y-shaped split of the flexor retinaculum?
tendon of flexor carpu radialis
The tendons of what muscles and what nerve travels through the carpal tunnel
Tendons:
Flexor Pollicis longus, flexor digitorum sperficialis, & flexor digitorum profundus
Median Nerve
What is the most superficial structure of the hand and what is it an extension of?
Palmar aponeurosis
extension of the tendon of the palmaris longus
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
Thenar muscles hypothenar muscles adductor muscle lumbrical muscles interosseus muscles
What muscle compartment controls the thumb & what are the muscles?
Thenar compartment;
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
Where is the thenar eminence locates
lateral surface of the palm
what nerve supplies the thenar compartment?
the motor branch of the median nerve (AKA recurrent branch)
