5.2 terrestrial food production systems and food choices Flashcards
1
Q
arable farms
A
crops
2
Q
pastoral farms
A
animals
3
Q
type of farming and level of food production depends on
A
- environmental conditions
- access to vehicles and technology
- available financial funds
- cultural and environmental value systems
- governmental and political initiatives
4
Q
intensive commercial farming
A
- high inputs, high yields, low cost
- high yielding crop varieties, GMOs
- fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides
- irrigation
- mechanical automated equipment, reduce labour
- more frequent sowing
5
Q
intensive commercial farming
environmental impacts
A
- kill non target organisms, reduce biodiversity
- bioaccumulation/magnification
- nutrient run off, eutrophication, reduce biodiversity
- competing limited water sources
- monoculture, increased disease risk
- mechanical equipment, fossil fuels GHGs
- soil degradation
- loss of natural habitat
6
Q
intensive commercial animal production
A
- high density of animals, spread of disease
- unethical
- growth hormones, humans, enter environment
- antibiotic resistance
- high concentration organic waste matter pollute water systems
7
Q
organic farming
A
- no GMOs, chemical fertilizers or pesticides
- removing weeds/pests by hand
- manure, compost fertilizer
- crop rotation to ensure soil fertility
- organic food for stock, no drugs/growth hormones, space to move
- more labour intensive, more expensive
8
Q
organic farming consumers
A
- health, ethics, environment, income, standard of living
9
Q
subsistence farming
shifting agriculture
A
- clearing land, cutting and burning
- farmed until yields fall due to loss of soil fertility
- changes area, cutting burn, previously farmed area recovers
- low population density, sustainable
- low yields
10
Q
subsistence farming
nomadic herding
A
- moving with animals to search for suitable grazing areas
- low yields
11
Q
intensive subsistence farming
A
- produce enough food for themselves and sell surplus
- traditional farming methods
- low yields
12
Q
reasons for hunger
A
- poverty
- poor infrastructure, access and distribution
- extreme weather events
- war
- food waste
13
Q
food waste
A
- occur harvesting, processing, distribution, retail, consumer
- damaged/misshapen, unreliable transport, aesthetic standards, overstocking, excess food purchased, misunderstanding labels
14
Q
methods to reduce food waste
A
- change individual behaviour, awareness
- coordination between steps of farm to table, identify problems in supply chain
15
Q
consumer choice
A
- better technology
- increase variety of food available, other time periods import
- provenance of food, method of farming, food miles
16
Q
demand for meat
A
- population growth, living conditions, urbanization, infrastructure, status of meat culturally, cheaper, high protein
17
Q
factors to consider to achieve sustainable food production
A
- political commitment, legislation, economic support
- understanding farming systems, interconnected wider environment, guidelines
- change in social and individual behaviour
18
Q
sustainable farming strategies
legislation
A
- controlling use of drugs, growth hormones and pesticides
- regulation of conditions required for rearing and transporting livestock, minimum space requirement per animal
19
Q
sustainable farming strategies
pollution management
A
- reduce use of pesticides and fertilizers
- contain and use animal waste
- remove pollutants from the environment, buffer zones
20
Q
sustainable farming strategies
growing indigenous crops
A
- better adapted to grow in the area, higher resilience
- reduce poverty, increase nutrition
21
Q
sustainable farming strategies
polyculture farming
A
- growing multiple crops instead of a single focus
- inter cropping, low growing between tall growing
low, ground cover, reduce weeds, prevent soil erosion - companion planting reduce pests
22
Q
sustainable farming strategies
reduction of meat consumption
A
- meat = more resources required, waste generated
