5.2 Glycolysis

Question 1

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 1

the partial breakdown of hexoses to produce a limited yield of ATP in the absence of oxygen

Question 2

How is lactate produced? and what does it do to muscle cells in relation to muscle contraction?

Answer 2

in mammals, if there isnt enough oxygen for the pyruvate to enter the krebs cycle then the pyruvate is converted into lactate

lactate reduces nervous stimulation from central nervous system and eventually stops muscle contration

Question 3

How is lactate removed from the blood after exercise?

Answer 3

when exercise stops:
lactate is toxic - must be oxidised back to pyruvate to enter Krebs cycle
OXYGEN DEBT

Question 4

How does anaerobic respiration in plants result in ethanol formation?

Answer 4

glucose —> ethanol + co2

fermentation

Question 5

What are the stages of glycolysis?

Answer 5

phosphorylation:
1. glucose turns into hexose phosphate (ATP - ADP)
2. turns into hexose bisphosphate (ATP -ADP)

hydrolysis:
1. h20 added to hexose bisphosphate
2. 2x glycerate-3-phosphate (GP) formed

oxidation:
1. 4ADP - 4 ATP
2. 2NAD - 2NADH + 2H+
3. 2x pyruvate/pyruvic acid formed