5.2 Climate change/ environment Flashcards
endemic to/in
especially of disease or a condition;
regularly found and very common among a particular group or in a particular area
cigarette butts
part of a cigarette that you throw away when you have finished smoking
to discard
to throw away or get rid of sth because you no longer want it or need it
dermal absorption
process in which skin is taking in/ absorbing sth
hazardous
risky, dangerous
omnipresent
widely or constantly encountered, widespread
to introduce a mandatory charge on
to introduce a fee you are obliged to pay for sth
to curb one’s consumption
to control, limit one’s consumption
single-use plastic
plastic that can only be used once, cannot be recycled
debris
broken or torn pieces of sth larger;
remains
to commence the process
to begin the process
feasibility
possibility that sth can be done, made, achieved or is reasonable
prevention policy
policy that focuses on stopping sth from happening
to embroil
to cause someone to become involved in an argument or a difficult situation
sotto voce
in a quiet voice so that only people near can hear;
to say sth under the breath
greenhouse effect
increase in amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that causes warming of Earth’s surface
biodegradable
able to decay/break down naturally , without having a harmful impact on the environment
wetlands
land covered with marshes or swamps,
deforestation
the cutting down of forests
dumping/ to dump
disposing of e.g. rubbish, typically in a careless or hurried way
toxic waste
waste that is potentially dangerous; that may pose potential hazard to human health or environment
emissions
the release of a substance into the air
biodiversity
variety of al living things
global warming
long-term warmig of a planet’s overall temperature, caused by release of greenhouse gases
ozone layer
a layer of air high above the Earth that contains ozone, preventing harmful radiation
desertification
the process by which land turns into desert
smog
fog intensified by smoke and chemical fumes
habitat
the natural environment in which an animal or a plant usually lives
depletion
a reduction in the number or quantity of sth
drought
long period when there’s little or no rain
oil spill
an accident in which oil leaked into the sea or other body of water
avalanche
large amount of ice, snow and rock falling quickly down the side of the mountain
landslide
a mass of rock and earth moving suddenly and quickly down a steep slope
reforestation
the process of replanting an area with trees
crude
primitive; in raw, natural condition
refined
free from impurities, purified
fertiliser
substances used to make soil more fertile
repellant
substance used to repel e.g. insects, mosquitos
herbicide
substance that is toxic to plants, used to detroy unwanted vegetation
pesticide
chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants and other unwanted organisms
noxious
harmful, poisonous, unpleasant
acid rain
rain that is unusually acidic;
rain that contains large amounts of harmful chemicals as a result of burning substances such as coal and oil
nuclear power
electricity produced by nuclear reactions
fossil fuels
non-renewable energy sources such as coal, gas and oil
health risks
the chance or likelihood that sth will harm or otherwise affect your health
wind/solar power
renewable sources of energy
natural/ man-made disaster
natural event such as flood, earthquake, or tsunami that kills or injures a lot of people
tragic events that were caused by human activity
industrial/ nuclear waste
waste generated by manufacturing or industrial processed
unwanted, dangerously radioactive material made when producing nuclear power
wildlife/ water conservation
preservation and protection of animals, plants and their habitats/
practise of using water efficiently
extinct/ endangered species
spiecies that is no longer alive/
species that are at risk of extinction
noxious/ toxic fumes
dangerous, poisonous fumes
contaminated
polluted
landfill
rubbish dump
equlibrum
balance
devatation
destruction
demolition
the act of destroying sth, such as building
dereliction
state of neglect, not being cared for
failure to do what you should do
evacuated
to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe
relocated
moved from one place to another
famine
extreme scarcity of food
(there’s not enough food)
starvation
suffering or death caused by lack of food
corrosion
process by which sth deteriorates because of oxidation, like metals
erosion
the gradual wearing away of land surface materials, especially rocks, sediments, soils, by the action of water, wind, glacier
sanctuary
nature reserve
preservation
the act of keeping sth as it is
culling
reduction of wild animal population by selective slaughter
odstrzał
zero carbon city
city that generates as much or more carbon-free sustainable energy as it uses
climate emergency
a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change and avoid potentially irreversible environmental damage resulting from it
carbon debt
inballance between the amount of co2 produced by a country and amount that it offsets
coal mines
kopalnie węgla,
place where coal is dug out from the ground
geothermal (energy)
connected with the heat inside the earth
hydroelectric (power station)
producing energy by the force of fast moving water such as rivers or waterfalls
green audit
an official examination of the effects a company has on the environment, especially the damage that it causes
ecoterrorism
act of violence which is comitted in support of environmental causes, againts people or property
clear up
to remove doubts, confusion,
to tidy sth up, get rid of sth
to dry out
to become completely or excessively dry
to pick up
to lift, collect
to clean up
to remove dirt, make sth neat
to dry up
of rivers, lakes- to become completely dry
to wash away
to carry sth by the movement of water
to die out
to stop existing, become extinct
to kill off
to destroy/ kill totally, in large numbers
to cut down
to reduce the amount of sth,
to cause sth to fall by cutting thorugh it –> trees
to give off
to emit, produce (a smell, heat, light)
water off a duck’s back
criticisms of/ warnings to a person that have no effect on that person
water under the bridge
(event/mistake) now forgotten or no longer important
in(to) deep water
involved in complicated, dangerous affairs
a fish out of water
sb who feel uncomfortable in ufamiliar surroudings
come hell or high water
in spite of all obstacles; no matter what happends
in hot water
in trouble
to take to sth like a duck to water
to do sth new very easily
to pour oil on a troubled waters
to do or say in order to make people stop arguing and become calmer
stark
empty, single, plain
completely or extremely
verbose
using or containing more words than necessary
voluble
speaking flunetly, with confidence and enthusiasm
fervent
showing strong and sincere feelings or beliefs
hot, burning, glowing
fetid
smelling extremely unpleasant, bad, stale
prevailing
existing in a particular place or at particular time
sturdy
physically strong, solid, thick
lush
abunding in lavish growth
luxuriant, attractive
lavish
large in quantity and expensive or impressive;
costing a lot of money
rife
very common, frequent, widespread
to scramble
to compete with other people for sth there is very little of
jumble
untidy and confused mixture of things, feelings, ideas
to jostle
to knock or push roughly against someone in order to move past them
flurry
small swirling mass of sth, especially snow or leaves, moved by wind
carbon footprint
measurement of carbon dioxide produced by someone
livestock
useful animals that are kept on farm
dead zones
areas in water with low oxygen level
ice cap
thick layer of ice that permanently covers an area of land
fuel- efficient
working in a way that doesn’t waste fuel
flooding
the condition of becoming filled or covered with large amount of water
renewable energy
clean energy, coming from natural sources like sun, wind
to take a toll
to cause suffering, damage, bad effect
to keep up
move or progress at the same rate as someone or sth else
to turn out
prove to be the case
animal agriculture
dreeding, raising, slaughtering animals for products intended for human use
species extinction
complete disppearance of species from Earth
meat industry
the people and companies engaged in modern industrialized livestock agriculture for the production, packing, preservation and marketing of meat
to envision
to imagine or pretend to see
shrinking
when sth gets smaller and smaller
divisive
sth that divides people into two groups
recipient
someone who receives sth
varying
a range of differences
accuracy
exactness
to document
to keep a record of
to distract
to take someone’s attention away from
akin
related to, like,similar to
symptoms
the measurable effects of a disease
elevated
raised, increased, heightened
overtly
directly, openly
rate
pace, speed, tempo
controversy
when sth is debated about, a lot of argument about it
to offset (CO2 emissions)
to compensate your emissions (by funding an equivalent carbon dioxide saving elsewhere)
to balance out,
briny
salty
to sprout
to form
intensified
heavier
surging up
rushing up
seeping
soaking
inexorably
unavoidably
bleak
dreary
barrier
wall
to trigger
to set off
desperate
wretched
to smother
to kill by depriving of air, suffocate
misery
state of suffering, great mental or emotional distress
thirst
the need or desire to drink
pollutant
substance that pollutes
vegeterian
a person who does not eat meat or fish
vegan
a person who does not eat any animal products such as meat, milk or eggs or use animal products such as leather or wool
animal rights activist
a person who seeks to reduce non-human animal suffering
non-profit
(of an organization) without the aim of making a profit
factory farm
a type of farm in which animals are kept inside in small spaces and are fed special food so that a large amount of meat, milk, etc. is produced as quickly and cheaply as possible
big time
on a large scale, to great extent
voila
used to say ‘there it is!’ when you show something to somebody, or something appears suddenly
raw
in its natural state; not yet changed, used or made into something else
slick
an area of oil that is floating on the surface of the sea
odour
a smell, especially one that is unpleasant
dissolve
to mix with a liquid and become part of it
melt
to become or make something become liquid as a result of heating
steadiness
the fact of being stable and not changing
to shift
to move
power station/ power plant
building or group of them where electricity is produced
to spurt
(of liquid or flames)
to burst out or pour out suddenly;
to produce sudden, powerful streams of liquid or flames
to trickle
to flow or make sth flow, slowly in a thin stream
to drizzle
to rain lightly
breeding ground
a place where sth, especially bad is able to develop;
place where animals go to produce their young
bitter
(of weather conditions)
extremely cold and unpleasant
compulsive
difficult to stop or to control (of behaviour)
intense
very great
intense pressure
stream
continuous flow of sth
spring
a place where water comes naturally to the surface from under the ground
to heave
to lift, pull or throw somebody/sth very heavy with great effort
to rise up and down with strong, regular movements
to ascend
to rise, go up, climb up
to soar
to fly very high in the air or remain there; to be tall or very high
soaring tower blocks
feedlot
an area or building where farm animals are fed
manure
the waste from animals that is spread over or mixed with soil to help plants and crops grow
strewn with
covered with, full of
right up there with
to be equal to sth else
patty
Meat, fish etc. cut into small pieces and formed into small, round flat shape
