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Ecosystems🙈 > 5.2 > Flashcards

5.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

Study of ecosystems

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2
Q

Biosphere

A

all of the earth’s living components

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3
Q

Multicellular organism

A

Individuals composed of many specialized cells

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4
Q

Population

A

Group of organisms of the same species in the same area

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A

A dynamic system of organisms that interact with each other and their environment.

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6
Q

Community

A

Populations of organisms living together in the same habitat

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7
Q

What are non-living factors called

A

Abiotic factors

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8
Q

What are living/dead factors called

A

Biotic factors

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9
Q

Transpiration

A

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.

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10
Q

Why is chlorophyll essential for photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis as it collects sun rays and makes glucose to allow plants to grow.

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11
Q

What happens to an ecosystem if a species disappears

A
  • The species can no longer eat other species or be eaten.
  • Instability in food chain/web
  • Population decrease
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12
Q

Why are bees under threat

A

destruction of habitat

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13
Q

Role of bacteria in an ecosystem

A

Provides nutrients
produces growth hormones
breaks down dead organic matter into simple inorganic substances.

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14
Q

How does energy move through an ecosystem

A

Energy flows through an ecosystem in a one way stream, from primary producers to various consumers.

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15
Q

Producers/autotrophs.:

A

Organisms that can make their own food

Eg. Plants are producers because they can make their own food(glucose) through photosynthesis.

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16
Q

Consumers/heterotrophs.

A

Organisms that obtain their food by consuming other organisms eg. animals

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17
Q

Herbivores

A

Organism that consumes mostly plants

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18
Q

What 4 groups are consumers divided into?

A
  • Herbivores
  • Carnivores
  • Omnivores
  • Detritivore
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19
Q

Carnivore

A

Organism that consumes mostly meat

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20
Q

Omnivore

A

An organism that consumes both meat and plants to survive.

21
Q

detritivore

A

An organism that consumes dead organic matter like plant detritus.

22
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that break down organic matter into simpler inorganic materials that can be recycled in the ecosystem by producers. eg. fungi and bacteria

23
Q

Inter-specific competition

A

Competition between different species for limited resources such as food

24
Q

Intra-specific competition

A

Competition between the same species for limited resources such as food

25
Q

Predator

A

A predator is an animal that hunts, kills and eats other

animals for food.

26
Q

Define the term prey

A

Prey is a term used to describe organisms

that predators kill for food.

27
Q

Symbiotic relationships

A

are close relationships between two species in which at least one species benefit

28
Q

Types of symbiotic relationships

A
  • Mutualism
  • Parasitism
  • Commensalism
29
Q

Parasitism–host relationships

A

Where the parasite lives on or in the host and feeds off it, the parasite is harmed whilst the host is harmed usually not killed.

30
Q

Ectoparasite

A

An organism that lives on the skin of the host in host relationships.

31
Q

(endoparasite

A

A parasite that lives inside the host

32
Q

Who benefits and who is harmed in host relationships?

A

The Parasite benefits and host is harmed – usually not

killed

33
Q

Mutualism

A

Organisms lBOTH benefit from

the relationship.

34
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism BENEFITS, whilst the other is UNAFFECTED

35
Q

Ecology niche

A

A species’ ecological niche is its role in the ecosystem including its habitat, nutrition and relationships.

36
Q

Explain why producers are essential to ecosystems.

A

Producers provide the basis of the food chain from which all energy in an ecosystem is sourced

37
Q

Characteristics of symbiotic relationship

A
  • between different species
  • Sustained relationship
  • atleast one species benefits
38
Q

Predator-prey relationship

A

In a predator–prey relationship, one species kills an organism and consumes it(the prey.)

39
Q

Parasitoids

A

Organisms that kill the host within a short period of time

40
Q

Symbiosis

A

Symbiosis is an ecological relationship between two different species that live in direct contact with each other.

41
Q

biome

A

A biome is a large region of Earth that has a certain climate and certain types of living things

42
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that have similar features

43
Q

What is necessary for a relationship to be considered symbiotic?

A

There must be a close physical relationship between two different species over a long period of time

44
Q

Why does a parasite usually not kill its host

A

If a parasite killed its host it would lose its food supply and shelter.

45
Q

example of mutalism

A

bees and flowers- the bees get to eat, and the flowering plants get to reproduce.

46
Q

Example of commensalism

A

tea frogs using plants as protection

47
Q

Example of parastism

A

leeche sucking blood from human

48
Q

What do the arrows represent in a food web? What direction do they point in?

A

The animal that the arrow is pointing toward is the animal doing the consuming

Ecosystems🙈 (6 decks)

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