5.1.3 - manipulation agriculture

Question 1

why do scientists modify the reproduction of plants and animals (give example)

Answer 1

the modified organism’s offspring would have the favourable traits that was manipulated by the scientists. For example, cows will have better production of beef and more lactation produced.

Question 2

what are 4 types of artifical reproduction?

Answer 2

-artifical insemination
-artifical pollination
-cloning
-IVF (in-vitro)

Question 3

what is artifical insemination? provide an example

Answer 3

its a manual transfer of frozen spermatozoa across geographical borders for insemination

• It involves a male sperm cell + necessary hormones (LSH and FH) being inserted into a female’s reproductive tract.
• allows the sperm cell of a selected male to fertilise the egg cell of a selected female.

For example, Canadian jersey cows with spermatocytes from Australian Sires.

Question 4

wat is artificial pollination?

Answer 4

• involves the manual transfer of pollens into stigma of another plant to combine with the egg cell (ovule) of the plant. (artificial cross pollination)
• successful transfer results in pollination and fertilisation of the egg cell, producing a seed.

Question 5

what is cloning?

Answer 5

• farmers may want their crops to be genetically identical because they have the favourable traits.
  plant cloning
• it involves cutting a section of the mother plant’s which contains at least one stem cell.
• The cutting is then planted in the same environment as the mother plant to allow the cutting to develop the same characteristics as the mother plant,

Question 6

what do cloning, AI, AP all have in common as a disadvantage

Answer 6

they all could reduce genetic variability

Question 7

what is IVF

Answer 7

a reproductive technique used for increasing the likelihood of developing offspring when couples have fertility problems but wishes to have their children. As females are born with a lifetime limited supply of oocytes, their age may be a cause of infertility