5.1.2: Excretion

Question 1

What can urine be used to test for?

Answer 1

Diabetes, pregnancy, anabolic steroids, and drugs

Urine is composed of substances filtered out of the blood.

Question 2

What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in pregnancy tests?

Answer 2

To detect the presence of the human growth hormone (hCG)

Monoclonal antibodies are isolated and cloned to be specific to the target hormone.

Question 3

What hormone is detected in pregnancy tests?

Answer 3

Human growth hormone (hCG)

This hormone is produced by pregnant women.

Question 4

What is the first step in a pregnancy test procedure?

Answer 4

A urine sample is taken and the absorbent end of the test is submerged in the urine.

This allows the test to interact with the urine for analysis.

Question 5

What does the first mobile antibody in a pregnancy test have attached?

Answer 5

A coloured dye

This dye helps indicate the presence of hCG in the test.

Question 6

What type of drugs are anabolic steroids?

Answer 6

Drugs sometimes abused by athletes to stimulate muscle production

Anabolic steroids are excreted in urine and can be tested for.

Question 7

How are anabolic steroids tested in urine?

Answer 7

Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

These methods allow for the detection of steroid presence in urine samples.

Question 8

What is the method used to test for many drugs in urine?

Answer 8

Using monoclonal antibodies

Antibodies are created complementary in shape to the drug molecule for detection.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: A _____ is a single type of antibody that can be isolated and cloned.

Answer 9

monoclonal antibody

This specificity is crucial for accurately detecting target substances.

Question 10

True or False: Steroids are not excreted in urine.

Answer 10

False

Anabolic steroids can be detected in urine samples.