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Y7 Science > 5.1.1 The particle model > Flashcards

5.1.1 The particle model Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the tiny objects that make up materials?

A

Materials are made up of tiny objects called PARTICLES. The particles
are too small to see, even with a microscope.

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2
Q

Are all particles the same?

A

Many materials are MIXTURES. Wood is a mixture. So are milk, fruit
juice, seawater, and the air. But some materials are not mixtures. They
consist of just one substance. A SUBSTANCE is made of one type of
material only. Substances include gold, pure water, and oxygen.

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3
Q

What materials are mixtures? Give examples.

A

Many materials are mixtures. Wood is a mixture. So are milk, fruit
juice, seawater, and the air.

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4
Q

What is a substance? Give an example

A

A substance is made of one type of

material only. Substances include gold, pure water, and oxygen.

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5
Q

Does every substance have its

own type of particle?

A

In a substance, every particle is the same. One gold particle is the same as all other gold particles. One water particle is the same as all other water particles. BUT gold particles are not the same as oxygen particles. Oxygen particles are not the same as water particles. Every substance has its own type of particle.

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6
Q 
There are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of
materials. Materials are made up of
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A substance
has the same/different properties
all the way through.
A

There are MILLIONS of
materials. Materials are made up of
PARTICLES.

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7
Q

In a substance, all the particles are the same/different.

A

In a substance, all the particles are the
SAME.
One gold particle is the same as all other gold particles. One water particle is the same as all other water particles. In the air, all oxygen particles are identical.

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8
Q

A substance has the same/different properties all the way through.

A

A substance has the SAME properties all the way through.

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9
Q

The particles of different substances are the same/different.

A

The particles of different substances are DIFFERENT.

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10
Q

The properties of a substance describe its behaviour/particles.

A

The properties of a substance describe its BEHAVIOUR.

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11
Q

A substance has the same/different properties all the way through.

A

A substance has the SAME properties all the way through.

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12
Q

Which are the states in which water can exist?

A

Water can exist in three states:

  • Liquid
  • Solid
  • Gas
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13
Q

What gives a substance its properties?

A

The properties of a substance describe what it looks like and how it behaves. Every substance has its own properties.

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14
Q

What is a particle model?

A

The particle model is a way of thinking about how a substance behaves in
terms of its tiny moving or vibrating particles.

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15
Q

What is the density of a substance?

A

The density of a substance is how much

matter there is in a certain volume, or how heavy it is for its size. The table shows the densities of two substances.

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16
Q

Does gold have a higher density then aluminum?

A

Gold has a higher density than aluminium. This is partly because a gold particle has a greater mass than an aluminum particle.

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17
Q

What are the 3 states (solid, liquid and gas) called?

A

The three states; solid, liquid and gas are the STATES OF MATTERS.

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18
Q

Do the particles of a substance change?

A

No, they do not change.

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19
Q

Are all the water particles the same in all 3 states?

A

Yes

20
Q

Are the arrangement and movement of

particles different or the same in each state?

A

The arrangement and movement of

particles are DIFFERENT in each state.

21
Q

You can/can’t compress a substance in the solid states because the particles thouch each other.

A

You CANNOT compress a substance in the solid states because the particles thouch each other.

22
Q

In the liquid and gas states, a substance flows/does not flow because the particles are/aren’t moving from place to place.

A

In the liquid and gas states, a substance FLOWS because the particles ARE moving from place to place.

23
Q

Solid states.
The particles touch/don’t touch their neighbour. They stay/don’t stay fix, they do/don’t flow around and they can/can’t be compress.

A

Solid states.

The particles TOUCH their neighbour. They stay fix, they do NOT flow around and they CAN’T be compress.

24
Q

Liquid states.

They flow around, they don’t have a fix shape, they can/can’t be compress and they touch/don’t touch their neighbour.

A

They flow around, they don’t have a fix shape, they CAN’T be compress and they TOUCH their neighbour.

25
Q

Gas state.

They flow around, they can/can’t be compress and they do/don’t have a fix shape.

A

They flow around, they CAN be compress and they DON’T have a fix shape.

26
Q

When a substance changes from the solid to liquid state, it _____.

A

It melts

27
Q

What kind of state is “melting”?

A

Melting is a change of state.

28
Q

Freezing is the change of state from
_____ to _____. Liquid water freezes if cooled to 0 °C. You can use
the particle model to explain melting and freezing.

A

Melting is a change of state. Freezing is the change of state from
LIQUID to SOLID.

29
Q

At what temperature does the liquid water freeze?

A

Liquid water freezes if cooled to 0 °C.

30
Q

Does the mass change when a substance melts or freezes and why?

A

The mass DOES NOT change when a substance melts or freezes. This is because no particles have been added or removed.

31
Q

What is a melting point?

A

The temperature at which a substance melts is its melting point.

32
Q

What is the state of a substance when it is below its melting point?

A

Below its melting point, a substance is in the solid state.

33
Q

What is the state of a substance when it is above its melting point?

A

Above its melting point, a substance may be in the liquid or gas
state. You need more data to work out which.

34
Q

The change of state from solid to
liquid is freezing/melting. As a
substance melts, its particles
vibrate slower/faster.

A

The change of state from solid to
liquid is MELTING. As a
substance melts, its particles
vibrate FASTER.

35
Q 
The particles
start moving around/upwards. The
substance is now in the liquid/
solid state. The melting point of a
substance is the speed/
temperature it melts at.
A

The particles start moving AROUND. The

substance is now in the LIQUID state. The melting point of a substance is the TEMPERATURE it melts at.

36
Q

What is a boiling point? Do all substances need the same amount of energy to boil?

A

What is a boiling point?
Boiling happens if enough energy is transferred to the particles
from the surroundings. Different substances need different
amounts of energy to boil. This means that different substances
boil at different temperatures.

37
Q

What is the boiling point of water and what happens once you reach at temperature?

A

A student heated liquid water and plotted the graph shown on the opposite page. At first, the temperature increased. At 100 °C, the water bubbled vigorously. It was boiling. The temperature remained at 100 °C. This is the boiling point of water.

38
Q

What is the state of a substance when it is above its boiling point?

A

A substance is in the GAS STATE when it is above its boiling point.

39
Q 
When a substance boils, it
changes state from liquid/gas to
liquid/gas. Bubbles form at the
top of/all the way through the
liquid. A certain substance boils at
any/a certain temperature.
A

When a substance boils, it
changes state from LIQUID to
GAS. Bubbles form at the ALL the way through the liquid. A certain substance boils at A CERTAIN temperature.

40
Q

Evaporation - how do the particles leave the liquid and at what temperature?

A

Particles escape from the liquid surface, and it happens at any temperature.

41
Q

Boiling - How particles leave the liquid and at what temperature?

A 
Bubbles of the substance in the gas state
form throughout the liquid. They rise to
the surface and escape.
It happens only at the
boiling point
42
Q

When does condensation happen (change of state)? Does it happen at any temperature?

A

The change of
state from gas to liquid is called condensation. It can happen at
any temperature below the boiling point.

43
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Carbon dioxide is solid at temperatures below -78.5 °C. At this temperature and above, solid carbon dioxide changes state to become a gas. It does not normally exist as a liquid. The change of state from solid to gas is called sublimation.

44
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The particles in gases and liquids are moving all the time. When they collide with each other, they change direction so their movement appears random.
Over time, moving particles in liquids and gases spread out. They move from a region where there are many particles, to a region where there are fewer particles. This is called diffusion.

45
Q

Does diffusion always happen at the same Soren’s?

A

Diffusion does NOT always happen at the same speed.

46
Q

What are the 3 factors that affect the speed of diffusion?

A

Three factors affect the speed of diffusion:

  • temperature
  • particle size
  • the state of the diffusing substances.
47
Q

At higher temperatures diffusion happens more slowly/quickly because
the particles are moving slower/faster.

A

At higher temperatures diffusion happens more QUICKLY because
the particles are moving FASTER.

Y7 Science (3 decks)

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