5.1 Thermal Physics Flashcards
Thermal Equilibrium
A higher temperature object in contact with a low temperature object will transfer heat from the high temperature to the lower one. The rate of change of temperature will decrease as the objects near each others temperatures, eventually they will effectively be at the same temperature.
Features of the absolute scale of temperature (2)
- Starts at absolute zero
- Not dependent on any physical property of matter
Thermodynamic Scale
Another name for absolute scale
How change in Celsius relates to change in kelvin
They are 1 to 1
Spacing of particles in a solid
Close together (high density)
Spacing of particles in a liquid
Close together (high density)
Spacing of particles in a gas
Sparse (low density)
Motion of particles in a solid
Vibrate around a fixed equilibrium positions but have relatively small motion compared to liquid and gas
Motion of particles in a liquid
Can move past each other but are still attracted
Motion of particles in a gas
Move mostly freely. Almost all kinetic energy is translational (in the form of linear motion)
Kinetic model
Solids, liquids and gases are made up of small moving or vibrating particles
Brownian motion
The random movement of particles
Example of Brownian motion
Observing smoke particles with a bright light and a microscope. They show Brownian motion.
Internal energy
The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of all the atoms and molecules in a system
Feature of 0K in a system
Minimal internal energy
How is internal energy effected by an increase in temperature
increased