5.1 Thermal Physics

Question 1

What is Absolute Temperature?

Answer 1

A temperature value relative to absolute zero.

Question 2

What is Absolute Zero?

Answer 2

The lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy.

Question 3

What is the Avogadro Constant?

Answer 3

The number of particles that make up one mole of any gas.

Question 4

What is the Boltzmann Constant?

Answer 4

A constant relating the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas to the gas’ temperature.

Question 5

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 5

The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when held at constant temperature.

Question 6

What is Brownian Motion?

Answer 6

The random motion of particles.

Question 7

What is Change of Phase?

Answer 7

The transitions between solids, liquids, and gases. During a change of phase, there is a change of internal energy but not temperature.

Question 8

What is the Equation of State of an Ideal Gas?

Answer 8

An equation linking pressure, volume, number of moles, temperature, and the ideal gas constant.

Question 9

What is a Gas?

Answer 9

A phase of matter in which the particles are high energy and free to move. Gases will fill the space they are placed in.

Question 10

What is Internal Energy?

Answer 10

The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a given system.

Question 11

What is Kelvin?

Answer 11

The unit of absolute temperature.

Question 12

What is a Liquid?

Answer 12

A phase of matter in which the particles can slide over each other, but still have forces of attraction between each other.

Question 13

What is a Solid?

Answer 13

A phase of matter in which the particles can only vibrate about fixed positions, due to strong intermolecular forces.

Question 14

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

Answer 14

The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin.

Question 15

What is Specific Latent Heat?

Answer 15

The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change of temperature.

Question 16

What is Thermal Equilibrium?

Answer 16

A stable state in which there is no thermal heat transfer between two regions.

Question 17

What is the equation for specific Heat Capacity?

Answer 17

Energy = mass x specific Heat Capacity x change in temperature (in kelvin)

E=mc triangle T

Question 18

What is the equation for specific latent heat?

Answer 18

Energy = mass x specific latent heat

E=ml

Question 19

What is equation for pressure using the boltzman constant?

Answer 19

Pressure x volume = number of molecules of the gas x boltzman constant x temperature of gas

pV = NkT

Question 20

What is boltzmans constant?

Answer 20

1.38 x 10 ^ -23 J/K

Question 21

What is the pressure equation using the universal gas constant?

Answer 21

Pressure x volume = number of moles in the gas x universal gas constant x temperature of gas

pV = nRT

Question 22

What is the universal gas constant?

Answer 22

8.31 J/K mol

Question 23

What is the equation for the average kinetic energy of a gas molecule ?

Answer 23

Energy = 3/2 x boltzmans constant x temperature of gas

E = 3/2 kT

Question 24

What is the equation for the average kinetic energy of a gas molecule?

Answer 24

1/2 x mass x mean square velocity of gas molecules = 3/2 x boltzmans constant x temperature of gas

1/2 m c^2 (bar) = 3/2 kT

Question 25

What is the equation for the pressure exerted on a surface by a gas?

Answer 25

Pressure x Volume = 1/3 x number of molecules in the gas x mass of a single gas molecule x mean square velocity of gas molecules

pV = 1/3 Nmc^2 (bar)