5.1 Thermal Physics Flashcards
What is Absolute Temperature?
A temperature value relative to absolute zero.
What is Absolute Zero?
The lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy.
What is the Avogadro Constant?
The number of particles that make up one mole of any gas.
What is the Boltzmann Constant?
A constant relating the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas to the gas’ temperature.
What is Boyle’s Law?
The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when held at constant temperature.
What is Brownian Motion?
The random motion of particles.
What is Change of Phase?
The transitions between solids, liquids, and gases. During a change of phase, there is a change of internal energy but not temperature.
What is a Gas?
A phase of matter in which the particles are high energy and free to move. Gases will fill the space they are placed in.
What is Internal Energy?
The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a given system.
What is Kelvin?
The unit of absolute temperature.
What is a Liquid?
A phase of matter in which the particles can slide over each other, but still have forces of attraction between each other.
What is a Solid?
A phase of matter in which the particles can only vibrate about fixed positions, due to strong intermolecular forces.
What is Specific Heat Capacity?
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin.
What is Specific Latent Heat?
The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change of temperature.
What is Thermal Equilibrium?
A stable state in which there is no thermal heat transfer between two regions.
What is the equation for specific Heat Capacity?
Energy = mass x specific Heat Capacity x change in temperature (in kelvin)
E=mc triangle T
What is the equation for specific latent heat?
Energy = mass x specific latent heat
E=ml
What is equation for pressure using the boltzman constant?
Pressure x volume = number of molecules of the gas x boltzman constant x temperature of gas
pV = NkT
What is boltzmans constant? (Number)
1.38 x 10 ^ -23 J/K
What is the pressure equation using the universal gas constant?
Pressure x volume = number of moles in the gas x universal gas constant x temperature of gas
pV = nRT
What is the universal gas constant? (Number)
8.31 J/K mol
What is the equation for the average kinetic energy of a gas molecule ?
Energy = 3/2 x boltzmans constant x temperature of gas
E = 3/2 kT
What is the equation for the average kinetic energy of a gas molecule?
1/2 x mass x mean square velocity of gas molecules = 3/2 x boltzmans constant x temperature of gas
1/2 m c^2 (bar) = 3/2 kT
What is the equation for the pressure exerted on a surface by a gas?
Pressure x Volume = 1/3 x number of molecules in the gas x mass of a single gas molecule x mean square velocity of gas molecules
pV = 1/3 Nmc^2 (bar)
What are the 5 gas laws?
Random: particles move randomly
Attraction: there is no attractive forces between particles
Volume: The volume of the particles is negligible compared to the volume of the gas
Elastic: all collisions are elastic
Duration: The duration of collisions is negligible compared to the time between them
