5.1 The Enlightenment Flashcards
Francis Bacon (Logic Revolution)
- causes concept of Empiricism
- scientific methods —> natural laws (physics)
Empiricism
from Francis Bacon
reality through senses
- experience to find the truth, God doesn’t tell you it
John Locke (Political Revolution)
comes up with:
- Tabula Rasa
- Natural Rights
- Social Contract
Tabula Rasa
made by John Lock
- blank slate
- humans are not born good or bad
- a good society will create good people
Natural Rights
-made by John Locke
freedom of speech
- don’t need gov.
The Social Contract
made by John Locke
Government derives power from the people, not God
–> if government becomes corrupt/abusive, the people have the right to overthrow the king & create new government
**contradicts absolute monarchy
Adam Smith (Economic Revolution)
writes The Wealth of Nations, which gives basis of Laissez-faire
Laissez-faire
made by Adam Smith
free market/capitalist
- gov. should not interfere in economics
*** opposite from mercantilism
- gov. should: 1) protect citizens
2) manage public projects
Voltaire (Religious Revolution)
- made Treatise on Tolerance
- made Deism
Treatise on Tolerance
- made by Voltaire
- criticized Christian church and believed in religious freedom/tolerance
Deism
- by Voltaire
- believes God exists, created universe and natural laws, BUT stepped away from the universe
**contradicts divine intervention
Mary Wollstonecraft (Women’s Revolution)
wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
made by Mary Wollstonecraft
- gender relations, applies enlightenment philosophies on women
- all humans have reason and are equal (so it should apply to women)
Slavery Revolution (examples)
- Banning of slave trade in 19th century
- Emancipation of Russian Serfs
How did Enlightenment spread?
- Salons
- Growth of Reading
- printing press, renaissance, etc
- literature produced for middle class (women, artisans, working class)
- magazines & newspapers popularized
EX. London 1702: first daily newspaper
