5.1 The Enlightenment Flashcards
What philosopher was credited with creating the scientific method and developing the idea of empiricism?
Francis Bacon
_________ believed that knowledge comes from sensed experience and what one observes rather than relying on tradition of religion.
Empiricism
Who wrote Leviathan, and argued that people are naturally wicked, and needed an absolute monarchy to control people? (mid-1600s)
Thomas Hobbes
Who argued that people were reasonable and could govern themselves? Basic rights: life, liberty, and property. (late-1600s)
John Locke
What arose to connect people and promote new political values and loyalties?
Nation-state (country/nation)
What combined ideas of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution? (1720-1790, Europe)
Age of Enlightenment
Who wrote Wealth of Nations, arguing for the idea of free trade, laissez-faire economy, law of competition, and law of supply and demand? The basis for foundation of capitalism
Adam Smith
Who argued the division of powers into separate branches: executive, legislative, and judicial? (1689-1755)
Baron de Montesquieu
Who argued that the only legitimate government was one that ruled with consent of its people, and people should be dominate in government, not in aristocracy or monarchy? (1712-1777)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Who praised the English form of government, denounced the French government, and believed in religious freedom? (1694-1778)
Voltaire
Who was the editor of the first Encyclopedia? (1713-1784)
Denis Diderot
What favored reason over religion based on faith?
Enlightenment
What emerged where people believed in the existence of a god who set the universe into motion, but established natural laws to govern it?
Deism
What philosophy wanted to protect the traditional form of government?
Conservation
What philosophy believed people should be free of government restraint?
Liberalism
