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Computer Science Edexcel IGCSE > 5.1 Networks > Flashcards

5.1 Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Networks?

A

Networks are connections between nodes (devices) to share resources. Being connected to a network can be dangerous because there are more access points.

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2
Q

What are the types of Networks?

A
  1. Personal Area Network (PAN)
  2. Local Area Network (LAN)
  3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
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3
Q

What is PAN?

A

A personal area network is within the range of an individual, +- 10m. Examples are:

  1. Bluetooth
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4
Q

What is LAN?

A

It is a network that connects devices close to one another, like in the same house; school; office.

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5
Q

What is WAN?

A

A wide area network is a network over a broader, geographic area. For example, an internet connection is given by an ISP. The internet is a WAN made up of individual LANs.

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6
Q

What is a Client-Server Network

A

In a Client-Server Network, every device is either Client or Server. A client will request resources from the server.

  1. When a resource is wanted, the client establishes a connection with the server over the network
  2. Servers backup and store data centrally, although expensive and difficult to run.
  3. It is centralized
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7
Q

What is a Peer-to-Peer Network

A

A P2P network is decentralized. Each node is equal in responsibility and can work as both client and server.

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8
Q

What are the factors that affect Network Performance?

A
  1. Latency
    1. The Delay, Speed of Signals
  2. Bandwidth
    1. Max rate of Data Transfer (bps)
  3. Error Rate
    1. How often data is corrupted
    2. How often data must be resent
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9
Q

What are the differences between wired connections and wireless connections?

A
  1. Wired connections are generally faster
    1. Though Bandwidths must be taken into account, but is shared across a network
  2. Wireless range signals degrade quickly and can be blocked
  3. Signals at the same frequency can interfere, leading to dara collisions
  4. Bus topology have higher error rates
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10
Q

What are network protocols?

A

They are rules that must be accepted to devices can be compatible and reliably communicate.

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11
Q

How are protocols developed?

A

They are developed in layers, each responsible for a different part of the process of communication. Layers break the process down into managable self-contained parts.

  1. Easier to develop because it is focused on one aspect
  2. easier to develop standards
  3. changing one layer won’t affect another
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12
Q

What us the TCP/IP Protocol Stac?

A

It has 4 layers:

  1. Application Layer
    1. HTTP/S; FTP; SMTP; IMAP & POP; DNS
  2. Transport Layer
    1. TCP; UDP
  3. Network Layer
    1. IP
  4. Link Layer
    1. Ethernet; Wifi
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13
Q

What is the Application Layer?

A

The application layer is where network applications can operate, e.g:

  1. Web Browsers, Email Clients
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14
Q

What is the Transport Layer?

A

This layer sets up communication between the two hosts, and includes the agreed rules.

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15
Q

What is the Network Layer?

A

This layer addresses and packages data, and routes it.

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16
Q

What is the Link Layer?

A

This is where the hardware and drivers operate.

17
Q

What is the Ethernet?

A

It is a standardised family of protocols.

  1. Ethernet works at the link layer
  2. it describes how devices on the same netwoek degment format data and transmit it
18
Q

What is Wi-Fi (WLAN)?

A
  1. It is a form of wireless transmission, radio waves
  2. EM waves are categorised on frequency
  3. A channel represents a small frequency range, designated by number
  4. Frequency overlap can cause interference.
  5. Data is encrypted using WAP
19
Q

What is the TCP?

A

TCP is the transmission control protocol, which runs in the transport layer. It deals with the connection between devices, it:

  1. receives data from the application layer
  2. receives the packets from the network layer
  3. splits data into packets
  4. reassembles them
  5. sends an acknowledgment
20
Q

What is the IP?

A

It is the internet protocol, it addresses packets with the source and destination’s IP address, and works at the network layer. The IP removes the IP addresses when the packets are no longer needed.

21
Q

What is HTTP?

A

It is the hypertext transfer protocol, a hypertext is a type of text with links. HTTPS is HTTP with encryption through certificates. HTTP is used to access a webpage from a web server, the process goes as:

  1. The client requests a message
  2. the webserver gives a response
22
Q

What is FTP?

A

The file transfer protocol is of the application layer, which handles file uploads and downloads. HTTP transfers viewable content whilst FTP transfers data.

23
Q

What are the email protocols?

A
  1. SMTP
  2. POP3
  3. IMAP
24
Q

What are the outbound email protocols?

A
  1. SMTP
25
Q

What are the Inbound email protocols?

A
  1. POP3
  2. IMAP
26
Q

What is SMTP?

A

The simple mail transfer protocol is of the application layer.. it handles outbound. It sends the email to a mail server, and then to the internet. SMTP servers have user databases.

27
Q

What is POP?

A

it is post office protocol, this is from the internet, mail server to the client. It doesn’t keep client and server in sync. When the mail is downloaded, it is deleted from the server.

28
Q

What is IMAP?

A

It is internet message access protocol, where it keeps both client and server synced in which the mail is copied instead of downloaded. For the mail to be deleted from the server, you must contact the client.

29
Q

What are the network topologies?

A

Topologies are the arrangement of the nodes and connections in a network.

  1. Bus
  2. Star
  3. Mesh
  4. Ring
30
Q

What is the Bus Topology?

A
  1. All clients, serbers and resrouces are connected to one medium, the bus.
  2. When a node communicates, the data is transmitted down the bus.
  3. All drivers receive it but only the intended recipient accepts and processes the message.
  4. There are terminators on both ends, which are resistors. They prevent data from reverberating
31
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the bus topology?

A

Advantages:

  1. Cheaper, because less wires

Disadvantages:

  1. If the main bus fails, all fails
  2. Prone to data collisions in high traffic, which slows the data down.
32
Q

What is the ring topology?

A

In this topology, each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring for messages to travel around. The nodes take turns sending data, data is sent one direction through each device until the intended recipient receives it.

33
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the ring topology?

A

Advantages:

  1. Simple, less wires, cheaper.

Disadvantages:

  1. All nodes must be one for the data to be sent.
34
Q

What is the star topology?

A

Most home networks uses this topology, as each node is connected to the central connection point.

35
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the star topology?

A

Advantages:

  1. Data goes immediately to recipient

Disadvantages:

  1. If the central connection point fails, network stops.
36
Q

What is the mesh topology?

A

In a full mesh, every node is connected to every other node. In a partial mesh, there are simply many connections between nodes. A mesh could be used as a backup mechanism, called the redundancy as it is needed but used as an alternative route.

37
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages the mesh topology?

A

Advantages:

  1. Provides backup should one route fails
  2. Direct links to recipient.

Disadvantages:

  1. Expensive, many wires
  2. Complicated
  3. Can’t add one device without connecting to every other device.

Computer Science Edexcel IGCSE (12 decks)

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