5.1 HOW SIGNIFICANT WERE REVOLUTIONARY IDEALS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY? Flashcards
What is meant by ‘revolutionary ideals’?
- (The Rev ideals leading to overthrow of James II) -
Beliefs, ideologies, that are new. Challenging existing ideas.
What is meant by ‘constitutional monarchy?
- (The Rev ideals leading to overthrow of James II) -
Where the monarch rules according to Parliament’s rules
What is a Parliamentary monarchy?
- (The Rev ideals leading to overthrow of James II) -
Where the gov is answerable to an elected P. P helps to determine national policies and their implementation. P has leg and financial pwr and controls the gov by having Pary overside of gov’s actions
What was Locke’s view on the dangers on enforcing religious uniformity?
- (The Rev ideals leading to overthrow of James II) -
Many whig MPs shared Locke’s view, that enforcing religious uniformity would lead to social disorder, impossible to enforce a single ‘true religion’
However only a small minority would’ve agreed with these views and used them as a justification for removing james.
- James wasn’t nec intent on enforcing religion uniformity. But rather for more toleration
What is passive obedience?
- (The Rev ideals leading to overthrow of James II) -
Unquestioning obedience to the authority of the monarch, even when the monarch abuses his or her powers
Which group of churchmen tended to follow Passive obedience? also the view that one should not commit
- (The Rev ideals leading to overthrow of James II) -
Most Anglican Church leaders believed in PO
However there was also the view that one should not commit an immoral act, even if the king ordered it.
For example, the need to resist popery was also v. strong. = Rationalise resistance / revolution as necessary to ensure a Protestant succession
What action did James take in 1688 which clearly caused religious tension that ‘apparently’ led to GR
What did opponents say and why?
- (The Rev ideals leading to overthrow of James II) -
- 1688 Dec of indulgence reissued.
- Obvious reason - religious: C included
- Political: James attempting to overrule parliament. Wreaked of absolutism. (susp of Act of Uniformity)
- For james, the dec of ind, granting toe, was a eans to get political support from dissenters
= religious and political tension. ( out into context Godden vs Hales cases in 1686 + re modelling Borough Charters to ensure his supporters would be elected as MPs, and appointing Catholics as magistrates. Set up Ecclesiastical Commissions to act as a court for church affairs
What did Marquis of Halifax and Gilbert Burnet argue about James’ actions and the response that should follow?
- (The Rev ideals leading to overthrow of James II) -
Marquis of Halifax=Dissenters should resist james overtures (Promises lol) to them and wait for P to pass a law granting them greater toleration, which did not include C, which did not mean absolute rule
Gilbert Burnet (clergyman) Wrote ‘III effects of Animosities among Protestants in England detected’ = early Williamite propaganda.
Burnet’s key points
1- CII and JII attempted to create divisions among Protestants so they could promote C and arbitrary gov
2- (so both conformists and non conformists should work together to defend established church)
3- James in 16587, had virtually deposed himself from gov by transgressing the constitution and the laws of England.
4- James was an Absolutist cunt as we can see by his fucking absolutist actions wink dec of ind
Why was James’ Voluntary resignation of his throne essential for a revolution to occur?
- (The Rev ideals leading to overthrow of James II) -
1- It allowed the Rev to happen. The commons may have supported a vote against James, but Lords Probs Would not have, nor many clergy. Many in the Political est were in favour of divine right and hereditary monarchy order to prevent a return to unstable gov *flashback of republican rule**
SOOOO basically Commons wouldve had democracy if they wanted jams out but the Lords are PUSSIO and the Clergy are the Sheep
- The majority of ppl in Eng would not have dared to challenge the rule of James. Most genrty and aristocracy took james policies and actions with resignation.
What other factor, NOT connected to James’ religious and political actions, was also essential for revolution to occur.
- (The Rev ideals leading to overthrow of James II) -
- Williams willingness to carry out an invasion was essential in enabling the rev to take place, Those who invited him did not have a clear plan of what should happen next.
- William had been planning an invasion of Eng BEFORE his invitation (lol it was handed to him in a gold plate)
-The fact that William even before JII left London gave order that Dutch ships display Eng flags when attacking French ships = clearly intended to force rupture bet eng and France + his aim was to get Eng support for his war
William is the GOAAT
After William arrived the term of the political settlement were not absolutely clear so William arranged for a meeting with sympathetic who?
Peers and MPs on the 6th December 1688.
Dec of rights was presented to them and read out at Mary and William….
Carnation
= W&M Placed on the thrones based on terms put forward by elected rep of the people.
The Declaration OF RIGHTSwas modified and became the..
Bill of Rights
What was included in the Bill of Rights 1689?
Addressed many of the abuses of royal prerogative under Charles II and James II
- Regular and free elections
- Clarified the legal position of the army, there was to be no standing army
- A force could not be kept during times of peace without the consent of Parliament
What is the significance of the Mutiny Act, 1689
- Gave the monarchs powers to discipline members of the army.
-lasted for only one year at a time = ensured Parliament had to be called regularly
HOWEVER,
it did not guarantee the regular sitting of P
if the monarch did not did not need to discipline the army, there would be no need to recall P to update the act.
Mutiny Act did contribute to the frequent calling of P, but due to William being at war majority of his reign.
but still Triennial act need to for a more formal mechanism
