5.1 Electron Structure

Question 1

What does the principle quantum number n refer to?

Answer 1

The energy level number

Question 2

What happens to energy as the shell number increases

Answer 2

The energy increases

Question 3

What are shells made up of

Answer 3

Atomic orbitals

Question 4

What is an atomic orbital

Answer 4

A region around the nucleus that can hold up two electrons, with opposite spins

Question 5

How many electrons can an orbital hold?

Answer 5

one or two

Question 6

What are the different types of orbitals

Answer 6

s-, p-, d-, f-

Question 7

What is the shape of an s orbital

Answer 7

Shape of a sphere

Question 8

How many electrons can an s orbital hold

Answer 8

1 or 2

Question 9

The greater the shell number n, the _____ the radius of its s orbital

Answer 9

greater

Question 10

What is the shape of a p orbital

Answer 10

Peanut (horizontal)

Question 11

How many electrons can a p orbital hold

Answer 11

1 or 2

Question 12

What is in a p orbital

Answer 12

3 separate p orbitals which are perpendicular to one another

px, py and pz

Question 13

Each shell from n=2 contains ____ p-orbitals

Answer 13

Three

Question 14

The ____ the shell number n, the ____ the p-orbital is from the nucleus

Answer 14

Greater

Further

Question 15

Each shell from n=3 contains ____ d orbitals

Answer 15

Five

Question 16

Each shell from n=4 contains ____ f orbitals

Answer 16

Seven

Question 17

What are orbitals of the same type grouped as

Answer 17

sub-shells

Question 18

Order of filling in the n=2 shell

Answer 18

2s and 2p

Question 19

Order of filling in the n=3 shell

Answer 19

3s, 3p and 3d

Question 20

Order of filling in the n=4 shell

Answer 20

4s, 4p, 4d and 4f

Question 21

The _____ energy level in the third shell overlaps with the _____ energy level in the fourth shell

Answer 21

highest

lowest

Question 22

Which sub-shell has a higher energy level, 3d or 4s

Answer 22

3d

Question 23

Which sub-shell fills first, 3d or 4s

Answer 23

4s

Question 24

Electrons pair with opposite _____

Answer 24

spins

Question 25

How are spins shown

Answer 25

an arrow up or down

Question 26

The two electrons in an orbital must have _____ spins. The _____ spins help to counteract the _____ between the _____ charges of the two electrons

Answer 26

opposite
opposite
repulsion
negative

Question 27

What is electron configuration

Answer 27

Shows how sub-shells are occupied by electrons

Question 28

How to write shorthand notation for electron configuration

Answer 28

[nearest noble gas] configuration for outer shell

Eg. Li [He]2s^1

Question 29

How are cations formed?

Answer 29

Positive ions formed when atoms lose electrons

Question 30

How are anions formed?

Answer 30

Negtive ions formed when atoms pain electrons

Question 31

How can the periodic table be divided

Answer 31

Into blocks corresponding to their highest energy sub-shell

s-block, p-block, d-block

Question 32

Which shell empties first, 4s or 3d

Answer 32

4s

It also fills first