5.1 Electron Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What does the principle quantum number n refer to?

A

The energy level number

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2
Q

What happens to energy as the shell number increases

A

The energy increases

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3
Q

What are shells made up of

A

Atomic orbitals

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4
Q

What is an atomic orbital

A

A region around the nucleus that can hold up two electrons, with opposite spins

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5
Q

How many electrons can an orbital hold?

A

one or two

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6
Q

What are the different types of orbitals

A

s-, p-, d-, f-

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7
Q

What is the shape of an s orbital

A

Shape of a sphere

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8
Q

How many electrons can an s orbital hold

A

1 or 2

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9
Q

The greater the shell number n, the _____ the radius of its s orbital

A

greater

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10
Q

What is the shape of a p orbital

A

Peanut (horizontal)

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11
Q

How many electrons can a p orbital hold

A

1 or 2

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12
Q

What is in a p orbital

A

3 separate p orbitals which are perpendicular to one another

px, py and pz

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13
Q

Each shell from n=2 contains ____ p-orbitals

A

Three

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14
Q

The ____ the shell number n, the ____ the p-orbital is from the nucleus

A

Greater

Further

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15
Q

Each shell from n=3 contains ____ d orbitals

A

Five

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16
Q

Each shell from n=4 contains ____ f orbitals

17
Q

What are orbitals of the same type grouped as

A

sub-shells

18
Q

Order of filling in the n=2 shell

19
Q

Order of filling in the n=3 shell

A

3s, 3p and 3d

20
Q

Order of filling in the n=4 shell

A

4s, 4p, 4d and 4f

21
Q

The _____ energy level in the third shell overlaps with the _____ energy level in the fourth shell

A

highest

lowest

22
Q

Which sub-shell has a higher energy level, 3d or 4s

23
Q

Which sub-shell fills first, 3d or 4s

24
Q

Electrons pair with opposite _____

25
How are spins shown
an arrow up or down
26
The two electrons in an orbital must have _____ spins. The _____ spins help to counteract the _____ between the _____ charges of the two electrons
opposite opposite repulsion negative
27
What is electron configuration
Shows how sub-shells are occupied by electrons
28
How to write shorthand notation for electron configuration
[nearest noble gas] configuration for outer shell Eg. Li [He]2s^1
29
How are cations formed?
Positive ions formed when atoms lose electrons
30
How are anions formed?
Negtive ions formed when atoms pain electrons
31
How can the periodic table be divided
Into blocks corresponding to their highest energy sub-shell s-block, p-block, d-block
32
Which shell empties first, 4s or 3d
4s | It also fills first