5.1 : Classical + Operant Conditioning Flashcards
how many principles of conditioning are there? and what are they?
6 principles.
1) acquisition
2) time-sensitivity
3) spontaneous recovery
4) extinction
5) generalization
6) discrimination
what is meant by acquisition?
a learned response doesn’t appear immediately. it is learned gradually by repeatedly pairing the UCS and the CS
what is one property of acquisition?
it is time sensitive.
what is the most effective way to learn?
showing the CS BEFORE the UCS.
and the shorter the time between these presentations, the more efficient the learning.
what is backward conditioning?
showing the UCS BEFORE the CS.
and nothing happens
what is learning?
it is anticipating effects. so cause (UCS) must occur before effect.
is extinction the same as forgetting? if not, what proves that?
no. Ectinction is just the dominance of other more active associations, and the weakening of the original association.
It is different from forgetting, and a proof of that is spontaneous recovery.
talk about the difference between generalization and discrimination. and give an example.
the red barn and panic at other barn presentations example.
discrimination is when my panic of to seeing one barn doesn’t repand to all barns. I can differentiate between them.
generalization is when bad experience in one barn = panic whenever i see ANY barn
what is one reaction we feel that is based on classical conditioning?
disgust.
fudge that is shaped as poop is not eaten.
in what types of situations is disgust seen the most?
in food poisoning. ‘one trial’ experiences -> not a build-up (not gradual, no acquisition)
what is the concept followed to treat phobias?
to exstinguish the association betwen a CS and a CR by forming a new and more active association that is positive.
(a new CS that is more + to elicit a + CR)
between reinforcement and punishment, what is the most efficient way of learning? Explain.
reinforcement is most efficient.
when we reinforce, the wanted behaviour is clear: u do X, you get a reward.
Whereas for punishment, the target behavior is very broad: I don’t know why I’m being punished. it’s very broad and open-ended.
punishment offers no guidance as to what is expected from me. I work towards avoiding punishment, but out of 1,0000 possible things i could do, it’s up to chance if i do the wanted thing or not, and i don’t get rewarded if i do it, i just AVOID punishment.
what is learning through punishment analogous to?
negative reinforcement.
i remove the - thing (the punishment) from future unwanted behaviour
what is the risk of punishment?
it can lead to unforeseen consequences.
what is the risk of punishment?
it can lead to unforeseen consequences.
explain extinction in operant conditionning.
when the behavior is no longer responded to with reinforcement, it is eliminated.
in terms of behaviour predictability, what is special abt operant conditioning?
in operant, conditioning, there is no specific time when the behavior will happen, it could occur at any time, what matters is how consistent we are with reinforcing the behavior.
what is the timing rule for acquisition in operant conditioning?
the closer in time a behavior is reinforced, the quicker the learning will happen
what is the difference between continuous and partial reinforcement?
continuous reinforcement = more rapid learning
partial reinforcement = more robust learning.
why is partial reinforcement better?
because the changes in the env. become more clear. (continuous: everytime i do X i get Y)
it s clear that sometimes, the behavior won’t be rewarded, more attempts in order to get the reward.
how to train for complicated behaviour?
i start reinforcing for a specific behaviour. then i add a new behavior, and keep adding until it’s the complexity iwant. (gradual learning, acquisition)
(u do A i give u X. then, if u do A and B, i give u X. etc…)
when we have phobias, we tend the avoid the stimulus to reduce anxiety and stress. what is this?
avoidance behaviour.
it’s negative reinforcement. (the phobia is created through classical conditioning, it is reduced through operant conditioning)
i avoid the stimulus (negative reinforcement)
