5.1 Flashcards
List the advantages of an electronic instrument system over Electro-mechanical instruments? (3)
- Dramatically improved pilot situational awareness
- Reduction in instrument count and wiring has reduced weight with increased reliability and maintainability.
- The improved presentation of information has reduced pilot fatigue and improved efficiency and safety.
What are the types of data recieved by an EFIS SG?
(SG = Symbol Generator)
An analog to digital converter is used to convert voltage data and synchro data into digital data. Multiplexing is used to convert discrete data in to digital data.
It recieves digital data which is then sent to CRT screens
What types and how many of each type of control panels would be found in an EFIS System?
The Electronic Flight Instrument Systems consist of:
Primary Flight Display (PFD) or EADI (Electronic Artificial Direction indicator)
Navigation Display (ND) or EHSI (Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator)
1 screen on each side
What are typical functions on EFIS control panels?
- PFD/ND pushbutton which interchanges images
- PFD potentiometer switchs PFD display unit on or off and controls the brightness in conjunction with the automatic brightness control system
- ND inner potentiometer switches the ND display Unit on or off and controls general adjustment of display brightness.
- The outer potentiometer only adjusts the brightness of the weather radar image
How many screens are typically associated with the EFIS and what are they called?
2 for both captain and co-pilot
PFD (EADI)
Primary Flight Display (Electronic Artificial Direction Indicator)
ND (EHSI)
Navigation Display (Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator)
Where does the EFIS get navigation and route data for display on its EHSI?
From it’s corresponding DMC
DMC 1 for captains side + top ECAM screen E/WD
DMC 2 for F/O’s EFIS side + bottom ECAM screen Systems /Status
DMC 3 for standby
What is ROSE Mode for the EHSI?
3 ROSE modes
Rose ILS / Rose VOR / Rose NAV
…
What is ARC mode for EHSI?
IN ARC mode the ND (EHSI) displays an ARC 90 degrees wide that corresponds with magnetic heading
Four circle arcs give quarter ranges as selected by the range switch
What is Plan Mode for the EHSI?
In PLAN mode a fixed area of the ND (EHSI) is used to display a ‘‘North Up’’ oriented Map of the flight plan showing way-points and airports, and other information that can be selected from the Options Keys.
What instruments are included in a ‘‘6 pack’’?
Airspeed Indicator, Attitude Direction Indicator, Altitude
Turn & bank indicator, Direction indicator, VSI
Which instruments are not included in the basic ‘T’ but form part of the ‘6 pack’?
Turn and Bank Indictor
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)
Which instruments make up the basic ‘T’ shape?
Airspeed indicator, Attitude direction indicator, Altimeter
Direction Indicator
What does EIS stand for and involve?
EIS = Electronic Instrument System
Includes all 6 screens in cockpit
PFD, ND ECAM (E/WD & Systems Status) ND PFD
Name all screens in cockpit?
Which ones are EFIS
EFIS = PFD (EADI) & ND (EHSI)
ECAM OR EICAS = E/WD & systems status
another EFIS on F/O side
ECAM = Electonic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring
EICAS = Electronic Indicating and Crew Alerting System
The unit in an EFIS that recieves and processes the input signals from the aircraft and engine sensors and sends it to the appropriate display is the _____
Symbol Generator (SG)
The two displays that are part of the EFIS are:
- Primary Flight Display (PFD) or EADI
- Navigation Display (ND) or EHSI
What are the advantages of EFIS: (3)
- Dramatically improved pilot situational awareness
- Reduction in instrument count and wiring has reduced weight with increased reliability and maintainability.
- The improved presentation of information has reduced pilot fatigue and improved efficiency and safety.
What do the following acrynoms stand for?
EICAS
ECAM
(Beoing) EICAS = Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System
(Airbus) ECAM = Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring
An EIS contains an AD converter?
What is AD stand for
Analog to Digital converter
majority of EFIS screens use ______
CRT (Cathode Ray Tubes)
What is an EADI?
EADI = Electronic Artificial Director Indicator = PFD = outboard
EHSI = Electronic Horizontal Situation indicator = ND = inboard
How are DMC’s along with their SG’s configured?
SG 1 controls captains EFIS screens and upper ECAM (E/WD)
SG 2 controls F/O’s EFIS screens and lower ECAM (Systems Status)
SG 3 is standby
What component is contained between EFIS and DMC?
SG (Symbol Generator)
What happens if you pull out the Baro Knob?
It will set it for a standard day (29.92 Hg 1013.2 Mb)
Where is wind direction displayed?
Wind direction is on ND (EHSI) of EFIS
Is weather information available on all ND modes?
Weather information is available on any ND mode except the PLAN mode
In PLAN mode a fixed area of the ND is used to display a ‘‘North Up’’ oriented Map of the flight plan showing way-points and airports, and other information that can be selected from the Options Keys
What is the DMC configuration?
DMC 1 = captains EFIS and Upper ECAM (E/WD)
DMC 2 = F/O’s EFIS and lower ECAM (Systems Status)
DMC 3 = standby
What instruments are included in a ‘‘6 pack’’
Which ones form part of the basic ‘T’ and which don’t
Airspeed Indicator, Attitude Director Indicator, Altitude
Turn and bank, Direction Indicator (HSI), VSI
Basic ‘T’ includes Airspeed, Attitude Director, Altitude & Direction
Not in T are Turn and bank & VSI
How is voltage data and synchro data converted into digital data?
analog to digital converter
Where abouts is the Symbol Generator located?
Betweent the DMC and EFIS
What will the following do on the EFIS control panel?
a) Pulling the STD knob?
b) Pressing the ILS button?
a) Puts Baro setting to STD or QNE (29.92 Hg)
b) Puts G/S and Localiser on PDF
Weather information is available in any ND (EHSI) mode except the _____ mode
PLAN mode
What do the numbers at the top left of the ND screen represent?
in the form XXX / XXX
FIll in parameters on E/WD screen
What is displayed at the bottom of the Systems/Status ECAM page?
Permenant data (time, SAT, TAT etc)
How many SDAC (System Data Acquisition Concentrator) is required?
One SDAC can serve all the DMC’s and FWC’s
2 SDAC’s (One on and One standby)
What happens in the event of turning off an ECAM display during flight?
In the off position the EIS is reconfigured as for a DU failure.
If one ECAM Display is lost the remaining one shows the E/WD
What do the ‘Emer Canc’ & ‘RCL’ buttons do?
‘Emer Canc’ will cancel all present:
aural warnings
Master warning light
Amber master caution and ECAM messages for cautions
Red warning messages will remain to be displayed on ECAM
The EMER CANC inhibition can be manually restored by pressing the RCL button for more than 3 seconds
What happens with Single Display Unit Operation?
(Only one ECAM screen working)
Which screens will automatically transfer if failure occurs and which are transferrable?
What does a diagonal line through an EIS screen mean?
screen INOP
The ____ gives _____ info which then goes through a ____ and onto screen
The SDAC gives DMC info which then goes through a SG and onto screen
‘EMER CANC’ button when pressed ….
Red warning messages stay displayed on ECAM
Aural warnings, master caution, master warning lights and amber caution messages are all cleared
Can only redo with RCL
Name all the ECAM system status pages? (11)
What is the function of the RANGE Switch on the EFIS control panel?
The distance ahead of the aircraft for which navigation and weather data in nautical miles will be displayed is selected by the RANGE switch
What is the difference between a PFD and an EADI?
Same thing
PFD = Primary Flight Display
EADI = Electronic Artificial Direction Indicator
PFD = airbus
EADI = Boeing
How is Baro Pressure selected and where is Baro information displayed?
The Baro is selected by rotation of the Baro Select Knob.
Pulling the Baro Knob selects standard pressure of 1013.25 hectopascals
Located on EFIS control panel
On which display is short term control information displayed?
Primary Flight Display (PFD) — Airbus
Electronic Artificial Direction Indicator (EADI) — Boeing
What is the difference between an ND and an EHSI?
No difference
ND = Navigation Display ( Airbus)
EHSI = Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (Boeing)
What information is displayed on an E/W display?
E/W dispaly = Engine Warning Display
Primary Engine Indication (EPR, N1, EGT)
Flaps/Slat position
Total Fuel
Optimum Thrust
Memo/warning/cautions
messages
What information is displayed on a SD?
The lower display of the ECAM is the System Display
Permanent Data at the bottom
What information is displayed on the Status Page?
Status Page is available by pressing ‘Sts’ button on for SD(Lower ECAM screen)
It is used by the flight crew to determine if the aircraft is ready for dispatch
If no messages are available on status page, the ‘‘Normal’’ message is displayed for 5 seconds
What is ‘‘Advisory’’ mode?
What is the function of the DMC’s?
The DMC’s collect the inputs from all of these sources and consolidates it for transmission on high speed busses to the Display Units that contain the Symbol Generators.
What displays are driven by DMC 1?
DMC 1 controls the Captain’s EFIS which consists of the PFD and ND.
It also drives the E/WD (Engine Warning Display) of ECAM
What must DMC 3 be able to do over and above the other DMC’s?
DMC 3 is a standby that replaces DMC 1 or 2 should either fail.
Note: DMC 3 MUST BE SELECTED MANUALLY. IT WILL NOT AUTOMATICALLY REPLACE DMC 1 OR 2 IN THE EVENT OF A FAILURE.
Airbus NORM =/= AUTO
What type of information is sent to the FWC’s?
FWC = Flight Warning Computer (Airbus)
Receives info from SDAC (System Data Acquisition Concentrator) which includes:
Warning signals
Audio and visuals during flight phase.
What does the FWC do with the data it receives?
The FWC receives Warning signals directly from the aircraft systems and generates all Warning messages. It also computes “Flight Phases” and controls the associated Audio and Visual attention getters.
What information is sent to the SDAC’s?
Airbus => SDAC = System Data Acquisition Concentrator
data = inputs from aircraft systems and engines
SDAC accepts data in various forms and converts it into ARINC 429 serial bus format for transmission to the DMC’s and to FWC
Which computers use SDAC data?
Airbus = SDAC (System Data Acquisition Concentrator)
One SDAC and one standby
FWC and DMC 1 and 2 use SDAC data
(DMC 3 in event of failure of 1 and 2)
What happens if SDAC 1 fails?
Airbus
SDAC = System Data Acquisition Concentrator
SDAC 2 will take over
What happens if the pilot places the Upper ECAM Display ‘‘Dim/Brt’’ Switch to ‘‘OFF’’?
If the Engine Warning Display Unit fails or is set to off, its image will be automatically transferred to the System/Status Display Unit. (SD)
Which ECAM displays have priority?
The Engine Warning Display (E/W) has priority
How may the pilot display SD information after the SD has failed?
Airbus - SD = System Display
By holding the particular button (APU/HYD/ etc)
Which EICAS computer normally controls the EICAS screens?
Boeing - EICAS = Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System
3 rotary knob - ‘‘L’’ ‘‘AUTO’’ ‘‘R’’
When the switch is in the AUTO position, the left computer will normally drive the EICAS displays. If the left computer fails, the system automatically switches to the right Computer.
LEFT computer
What happens to old Auto Event Data when new Auto Event Data is to be recorded?
All Auto Events must be cleared before each flight to allow new Auto Event Recording to occur. Otherwise the Auto Event Recording will be blocked.
On which maintenance pages are manual event parameters recorded by:
a) The pilot
b) Maintenance Staff
All 3 maintenance pages can be manually recorded by either the pilot or maintenance staff
- ELEC / HYD
- ECS/MSG
- PERF/APU
What types of messages are found on the ECS/MSG page?
parameters of the air cycle cooling pack
and the zone temperature control system.
also displays maintenance messages (most cases repeat of the status messages)
Which maintenance screen should not be erased?
ENG/EXC page
It records engine parameters continuously for trend monitoring. Do Not press ERASE
What is essential about Auto Events prior to dispatch of an aircraft?
Must be erased before flight
otherwise auto event recording will block
What aircraft parameters are tested when the ‘‘TO Config’’ switch is pressed?
Simulates Take off condition
Checks:
Flaps and Slats
Pitch trim
Speed brakes (must be retracted) One door not closed
Wheel brake overheat
One sidestick INOP
In EICAS, what screens can be presented on the lower display and when can each be displayed?
EICAS = Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System (Boeing)
Maintenance panels from the Mx mode beside F/O
- APU/PERF
- ELEC/HYD
- ECS/MSG
- ENG / EXC
- CONFIGURATION / MAINTENANCE
If fifteen messages are currently being displayed on EICAS, which messages are on page 2?
The alert message field is limited to 11 messages per page, there are situations where more than one page of alert messages can exist.
In this case, each actuation of the cancel switch causes the next page of messages to be displayed, until the message area blanks.
4 most unimportant messages on 2nd page as Warnings take priority over cautions over advisories (indented)
What happens when the ‘‘Caution Cancel’’ Button is pressed?
if more than 11 messages on Upper DU, Cancel button will go to the next page or clear above
Pressing Cancel button otherwise removes cautions and advisories but has no effect on warning messages. Will still be displayed, bell or Master switches will be switched off
RECALL recalls previously cancelled cautions and advisories
What are the three principal PFD (Primary Flight Display) functions which can be performed on EFIS control panel?
- ILS
- FD (Flight Director)
- Baro Select Knob (Pull for STD day)
What mode of operation would cause a parameter on an ECAM system page to blink or pulse?
Advisory mode (value drifts out of parameters)
How many maintenance pages are ‘‘Snapped’’ when the pilot presses the ‘‘Event Record’’ button?
Pilot = all 3 pages are recorded (1.PERF/APU, 2. ELEC/HYD, 3. ECS)
Maintenance Engineers = only page displayed is captured.
