5.1 & 5.2 Flashcards
1
Q
DNA
A
- A molecule that holds instructions for how the body works.
2
Q
Chromosome
A
- A tightly packed bundle of DNA.
3
Q
Amount of DNA
A
- Each cell has 46 chromosomes, and the DNA would be 3 meters long if uncoiled.
4
Q
Histones
A
- Proteins that DNA wraps around to stay organized.
5
Q
Chromatin
A
- Loose form of DNA in the nucleus when the cell isn’t dividing.
6
Q
Mitosis
A
- The process of dividing a cell’s nucleus into two identical nuclei.
7
Q
Prophase
A
- DNA coils into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane disappears.
8
Q
Metaphase
A
- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
9
Q
Anaphase
A
- Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
10
Q
Telophase
A
- Two nuclei form, and chromosomes uncoil.
11
Q
Cytokinesis
A
- The cytoplasm divides, creating two identical cells.
12
Q
Sister Chromatids -
A
Two identical halves of a chromosome.
13
Q
Centromere
A
- The part where sister chromatids are joined.
14
Q
Telomeres
A
- Protective ends of chromosomes.
15
Q
Cell Cycle
A
- The process of cell growth, DNA replication, and division.
16
Q
Gap 1 (G₁)
A
- The cell grows and performs normal functions.
17
Q
Synthesis (S)
A
- DNA is copied.
18
Q
Gap 2 (G₂)
A
- The cell grows and prepares to divide.
19
Q
Interphase
A
- The phase where the cell grows and prepares for division.
20
Q
Skin Cells
A
- Divide every 2 weeks.
21
Q
Liver Cells
A
- Divide every 300-500 days.
22
Q
Neurons
A
- Rarely divide and enter a resting phase called G₀.
23
Q
G₀ Phase
A
- Resting phase where some cells don’t divide.
24
Q
DNA Replication -
A
DNA copying during the S phase.
25
Q
G₁ Checkpoint
A
- Ensures the cell is ready to move to the next stage.
26
Q
Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio -
A
Limits cell size to make material exchange efficient.
27
Q
Importance of Cell Division -
A
Helps growth, repair, and replacing old cells.
