5.1

Question 1

Movement/period of a time

Enlightenment

1700s-1800s

Answer 1

• Shifts from traditions to reasoning
• Emphasized human accomplishment, understanding of the world

Effects:
- Religions spread less
- New ideas to improve society; Socialism, liberalism
- Conflict between newer and older political structures → revolutions

Question 2

Political Ideology

Nationalism

1700s-

Answer 2

• Intense loyalty to people who share the same culture and language
• Independence

Effects:
- Break up of Empires
- New forms of government
- Revolutions; goal: Independence from imperial powers (countries that control lands through colonization, military conquest, etc)

Question 3

Ideology

Empiricism

1700s-

Answer 3

• Knowledge comes from experience
• Conclusions based on observation, experiments, data

Question 4

Ideology

Social Contract

1700s

Answer 4

• Giving up some rights to government in order to protect other rights

Effects:
- Ideologies of Locke and Hobbes; viewed that “political life was the result of Social Contract”

Question 5

Philosopher

Thomas Hobbes

1700s

Answer 5

• People are born selfish bad, life was nasty, short
• People should give up rights to the government in order to have an organized society

Question 6

Philosopher

John Locke

1700s

Answer 6

• People are born blank, with natural rights ex: life, liberty
• Government should be there to protect the rights of people
• If government doesn’t, people are justified to revolt against government
  Emphasis on: environment, education is what shapes people
• Fate is determined through ancestry

Question 7

Baron Montesquieu

1800s-1900s

Answer 7

• Praised British government’s checks on power (because of parliament -group of representatives)
• Ideas on checks of power in government
  Effects:
• Influenced America’s government system (legislative, judicial,executive)

Question 8

Philosophe

Voltaire

1800s-1900s

Answer 8

• Known for advocating civil liberties
• Campaign for religious liberty and judicial reform when he came back to France
• Wrote satire things trashing rich people and got exiled
  Effects:
  Ideas on religious liberty influenced U.S Constitution

Question 9

Philosophe

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

1800s-1900s

Answer 9

• General Will (Will of people as a whole)
  Rulers (Sovereigns) are obligated to carry out general will

Effects:
Inspired many revolutions that occurred in the late 18th centuries

Question 10

Economist

Adam Smith

1800s-1900s

Answer 10

• Mercantilism → Freer trade(Policy); freedom in trading, government doesn’t restrict imports and exports
• Laissez-faire (“Leave Alone”) - Government should reduce their involvement in economic decisions

Effects:
- Contributed to idea of Capitalism - Productions (factories) are privately owned and are used to profit

Question 11

Belief

Deism

1800s-1900s

Answer 11

• Divinity set natural laws in motion
• Laws can be understood through scientific info rather than bible

Question 12

Philosopher/Founding Father

Thomas Paine

1800s-1900s

Answer 12

• Advocated for liberty
• Aggressive writing defending Deism
• Trashed talked about churches

Question 13

Belief

Conservatism

1800s-1900s

Answer 13

• Belief in traditional values

Question 14

Political Philosophy

Socialism

1800s-1900s

Answer 14

• Production or major industries are owned by workers (the public) rather than private companies

Question 15

Utopian Socialist

Henri de Saint-Simon

1800s-1900s

Answer 15

• Advocated for more employment opportunities in Public Works
  Scientists and engineers working together with business can create a beautiful nice society woahhh
• Proposed building of Suez Canal in Egypt

Effects:
French Government takes the project and Suez Canal is opened in 1869

Question 16

Belief

Classical Liberalism

1800s-1900s

Answer 16

• Natural rights
• Constitutional government
• Laissez faire in economics
• Reduced spending in armies and churches
  Effects/Impact:
• Backed reform Bills of 1832,67,84 → broadened male suffrage (right to vote)
• Made sure population had equal parliament representation in Britain

Question 17

Writer

Mary Wollstonecraft

1792s in England

Answer 17

• Women should receive the same education of men

Effects:
Contribution to Women winning the rights to vote in 1928

Question 18

Movement

Abolitionism

1800s-1900s

Answer 18

• Movement to end Atlantic Slave trade
  free all enslaved people

Effects:
- End of Slave trade → decline of slavery

Slavery ended within the 30 years Slave trade was abolished in the U.S

Question 19

Movement

Zionism

1900s

Answer 19

• Jews desire to establish an independent homeland specifically located in the origins of the religion (Middle East)

Question 20

discrimination

Anti Semitism

1900s-

Answer 20

• Hostility towards Jews; violent acts discriminating Jews

Effects:
Led to the movement of** Zionism** by Theodor Herzl
Dreyfus Affair - Alfred Dreyfus framed of treason by supporters of Anti-Semitism