Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Pharmacology > 5080 - Heart Failure, Arrhythmias & Angina > Flashcards

5080 - Heart Failure, Arrhythmias & Angina Flashcards

1
Q

HTN in children is define as __ percentile for child’s age, height and gender on at least __ occasions. What is main indicator:

A

95th, 3, obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Percentage of children with hypertension:

A

3.9-4.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Percentage of children with hypertension that are not diagnosed:

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stable angina is __ induced and is relieved by __ & __:

A

Exercise/exertionally induced; rest; nitroglycerin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

With angina it’s important to note:

A

Quality of pain; region and radiation of pain; severity of pain; time/duration of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stable angina is described as:

A

Squeezing pressure with radiation to arms, jaw, back or neck and is about 5-7/10 pain which lasts 20 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stable angina has a __ EKG and is caused by:

A

Normal; atherosclerotic plaques blocking 70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment for stable angina:

A

75-162mg of ASA daily and pain control. ACE or AERB is typically first-line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Unstable angina/NSTEMI/STEMI symptoms:

A

Pain at rest without provocation; not relieved with rest or nitro; described as crushing chest tightness with substernal pain with radiation; abnormal EKG; 50-60% of vessel is occluded but can rupture easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Unstable angina/NSTEMI/STEMI pain:

A

Severity of pain is 8-10/10 and lasts more than 20 minutes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Immediate therapy for unstable angina/NSTEMI/STEMI:

A

MONA B: Morphine, oxygen, SL nitro, Aspirin 325mg, beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Long-term therapy for unstable angina/NSTEMI/STEMI:

A

Aspirin 81mg, ACE/ARB, Statins, Oral nitrate, bowel regimen to prevent straining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 Antiplatelet therapy agents:

A

Aspiring & Clopidrogel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aspirin as an anti platelet therapy:

A

Inhibits thrombaxine, can cause GI upset, bleeding and tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clopidrogel as an anti platelet therapy:

A

P2Y 12 inhibitors which reduce platelet aggregation, prevents ADP-mediated activation of the GPIIb/IIIa receptor; adverse reaction is bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anticoagulants include:

A

Heparin, Lovenox, Arixtra, direct thrombin inhibitor: Bivalirudin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do nitrates work:

A

increase nitric oxide which causes vasodilation; creates improved exercise tolerance and time til angina onset; may cause tachycardia - needs beta blocker at the same time to prevent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adverse effects of nitrates:

A

Tachycardia, headache, flushing, hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Patient education for nitrates:

A

SL tab for acute angina only; call 911 is no relief in five minutes; replace supply every 6 months

20
Q

How do first-line treatment beta blockers help angina/NSTEMI/STEMI:

A

Decrease heart rate and contractility

21
Q

What is second-line treatment needed for unstable angina/NSTEMI/STEMI:

A

Calcium channel blockers which decrease heart rate and contractility

22
Q

What does Ranolazine do and what is it used for:

A

Decreases oxygen demand of the heart without reducing HR or BP through reduction of ventricular tension; adjunct only for post-MI

23
Q

Of Clopidrogel, Prasugrel and Ticagrelor antiplatelet therapies, which has reversible inhibition of P2Y12:

A

Ticagrelor

24
Q

What is a side-effect of Ticagrelor that is not with other anti-platelets:

A

dyspnea

25
Q

What is the classification of: Abciximab, Tirofiban, Eptifibatide:

A

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors - anti-platelet agents IV

26
Q

What do beta blockers do in angina and ischemic heart disease:

A

Decrease myocardial oxygen demand by reducing heart rate and contractility

27
Q

Which beta blocker agents are preferred in angina and ischemic heart disease, and are first-line for stable angina:

A

Beta-1 agents: Metoprolol, Atenolol, Nebivolol, Bisoprolol

28
Q

Side-effects of beta blocker agents Metoprolol, Atenolol, Nebivolol and Bisoprolol:

A

Bradycardia, sexual dysfunction, masked hypoglycemia, fluid retention, depression, bronchospasm, patients may initially feel worse so need a slow titration

29
Q

What are the adverse side-effects of Ranolazine:

A

Dizziness, nausea, palpitations, QTc prolongation

30
Q

Ischemic stroke is:

A

Abrupt onset focal neurological deficit >24 hrs; occlusion of an artery

31
Q

TIA is:

A

abrupt onset neurological deficit that lasts <24 hours - usually <30 minutes

32
Q

Treatment for ischemic stroke:

A

Early repercussion therapy - thrombolytic therapy; tissue plasminogen activator - Alteplase

33
Q

Alteplase helpfulness outweighs risk of hemorrhage only in the first:

A

4.5 hours

34
Q

Secondary prophylaxis in ischemic stroke:

A

Antiplatelet therapy; initiate no sooner than 24 hours but no later than 48 hours after Alteplase (tPA therapy): Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Aggrenox; Blood pressure control to initiate 2-7 days after stroke: usually ACE inhibitor; Statin therapy to initiate in all patients post-stroke: Atorvastatin

35
Q

Heart rhythm: Phase 0 =

A

Rapid depolarization

36
Q

Heart rhythm: Phase 1 =

A

Brief period of repolarization

37
Q

Heart rhythm: Phase 2 =

A

Plateau phase, slow depolarization

38
Q

Heart rhythm: Phase 3 =

A

cellular repolarization

39
Q

Heart rhythm: Phase 4 =

A

Gradual repolarization

40
Q

Heart rhythm phase 0-3 is called:

A

The refractory period

41
Q

Line of impulses through the heart:

A

SA node > Atrial conducting system > AV node > Bundle of His > Purkinje Fibers

42
Q

Supraventricular type of arrhythmia:

A

PSVT, SVNRT, Atrial fib

43
Q

Ventricular type of arrhythmia:

A

Ventricular tachycardia/fib, torsades de pointe

44
Q

Antiarrhythmic medications - Class 1:

A

Sodium channel blockers; 1a - intermediate; 1b - fast-acting; 1c - slow-acting. Do not use in heart failure!

45
Q

Antiarrhythmic medications - Class 2:

A

Sympathetic nervous system blockers - beta blockers

46
Q

Antiarrhythmic medications - Class 3:

A

Primary potassium channel blockers

47
Q

Antiarrhythmic medications - Class 4:

A

Calcium channel blockers

Advanced Pharmacology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions