504 Absolutely Essential Words Flashcards

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1
Q

heir
éɚ

Though Mr.Sloane is the _ to a gold mine, he lives like a miser(守銭奴/マイザー).
fuel miser:低燃費車
The monarch(国王/統治者) died before he could name an _ to the throne(王位).
It is essential that we locate the rightful _ at once.

A

1 〔財産・地位などの〕相続人,法定相続人 (cf. heiress) 〔to〕.
用例 an heir to a (piece of) property [a house] 遺産[家督]相続人.

2 後継者,継承者 〔of,to〕.
用例 He’s heir to his father’s fine brain. 彼は父親のすぐれた頭脳を受け継いでいる.

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2
Q

majestic
mədʒéstɪk

The lion is the most _ creature of the jungle.
In Greek mythology, Mt.Olympus was the _ home of the gods(神々の住むところ).
The graduates marched into the auditorium(〔劇場やホールの〕観客席) to the music of the _ symphony.

A

威厳のある,荘厳な,堂々とした,雄大な 《★【類語】 ⇒grand,noble,dignified, kingly》.

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3
Q

dwindle
dwíndl

Our supply of unpolluted water has _d.
With no visible signs of their ship, hopes for the men’s safety _d with each passing hour.
After the furious(猛烈な) tempest(暴風雨), the _ling chances of finding the raft vanished entirely.

A

1 だんだん小さくなる; 次第に減少する.
用例 The population is dwindling. 人口はどんどん減少している.

2 〈人が〉やせ細る; 〈名声などが〉衰える; 〈品質が〉低下[下落]する 〈away,down〉.
用例 The novel dwindles away to a weak ending. その小説はだんだんつまらなくなり迫力のない結末で終わっている.

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4
Q

surplus
sˈɚːplʌs, ‐pləs

The bank keeps a large _ of money in reserve.
_wheat, cotton, and soybeans are shipped abroad.
No mortal(〔死ぬ運命にある〕人間) ever considers that he has a _ of good things.

A

【名詞】【不可算名詞】 [具体的には 【可算名詞】]
1 余り,過剰.
用例 a surplus of births over deaths 死亡数に対する出生数の超過.

2 【会計】 (金銭の)黒字; 剰余金 (⇔deficit).

【形容詞】
過剰の,余剰の.
用例 surplus food 余剰食糧.

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5
Q

traitor
tréɪṭɚ

The patriot sneered(あざ笑う) when asked to stand on the same platform with the man who was accused of being a _.
No villain(悪人) is worse than a _ who betrays his coutry.
Do not call him a _ unless you can verify(確認する) the charge.
A

反逆者,裏切り者; 売国奴 〔to〕.

用例 He turned traitor to the cause [to his country]. 彼はその主義[祖国]に対し反逆者となった 《★turn traitor は無冠詞》.

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6
Q

deliberate
dɪlíb(ə)rət

Rico’s excuse was a _ lie.
My grandfather walks with _ steps.
Judge Sirica _d for a week before making his decision known.

A

【形容詞】
1 故意の,計画的な.
用例 a deliberate lie [insult] 故意のうそ[侮辱].
2 a慎重な,よく考えたうえでの,思慮のある.
用例 take deliberate action 慎重に行動する.
b 【叙述的用法の形容詞】 〔+in+(代)名〕〔…に〕慎重で.
用例 He’s deliberate in speaking [action]. 彼は慎重に話す[行動する].

3 〈話し方・行動など〉気の長い,落ち着いた.
用例 with deliberate steps ゆったりとした足どりで.

―/‐bərèɪt/
【動詞】 【他動詞】
1 〈…を〉熟考する; 熟議[審議]する.
             【自動詞】 
…について〕熟考する,審議する 〔on,upon,about〕.
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7
Q

vandal
vˈændl

Adolescent(思春期の) _s wrecked(破壊する) the cafeteria.
The _s deliberately(わざと) ripped the paintings from the wall.
We could scarcely(とても~ない) believe the damage caused by the _s.

A

【可算名詞】 (芸術品・自然美などの)心なき破壊者,野蛮人.

【形容詞】 (芸術・文化などの)無法な破壊者の,野蛮人の.

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8
Q

drought
drάʊt

Because of the _, some farmaers began to migrate(移り住む) to more fertile(〔土地{とち}が〕肥えた) regions.
In time of _, the crops become scorched(枯れる).
As the _ wore on, people began to grumble(不満を漏らす) aginst those who had squandered(~を無駄遣いする) water when it was more plentiful.

A

1 干ばつ,日照り,水がれ.

2 欠乏{けつぼう}、〔かなりの〕不足

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9
Q

abide
əbάɪd

The team decided unanimously(満場一致で) to _ by the captain’s ruling.
Senator Ervin _d by his promise not to allow demonstrations in the committee room.
My mother cannot _ dirt and vermin(害虫、害獣).

A
【自動】
1 〔場所{ばしょ}に〕とどまる
2 居住{きょじゅう}する
3 〔規則{きそく}などを〕守る、順守{じゅんしゅ}する
4 〔状態・気持ちなどが〕持続{じぞく}[長続き]する
【他動】
1 我慢{がまん}する、辛抱{しんぼう}する
2 〔判決{はんけつ}などを〕甘受{かんじゅ}する

abide by
1 〔規則{きそく}など〕に従う
2 〔約束{やくそく}・法律{ほうりつ}など〕を固守{こしゅ}する
3 〔結果{けっか}など〕を甘受{かんじゅ}する

【他動詞】 [can または could と共に否定・疑問文で]
a 〈…を〉我慢する.

用例 I cannot abide dirt. 私は不潔は耐えられない.

b 〔+doing/+to do〕〈…することを〉我慢する.

用例 I cannot abide being [to be] made to wait. 待たされるのは我慢できない.

【自動詞】 〔+前+(代)名〕《古語》
1 〔場所に〕とどまる,残る 〔in,at〕; 〔人の所に〕とどまる 〔with〕.

用例 abide in the same place 同じ場所にとどまる.

2 〔…に〕住む,滞留する 〔at,in〕.

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10
Q

unify
júːnəfὰɪ

The novel traces the developments that _ied the family.
After the Civil War our country became _ied more strongly.
It takes a great deal of training to _ all these recruits into an efficient fighting machine.

A

〈…を〉 一つにする,単一化する,統一[統合]する.

用例 unify the opposition 野党を統一する.

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11
Q

heed
híːd

I demand that you _ what I say.
Florence pays no _ to what the signs say.
Take _ and be on guard against those who try to deceive you.

A

【名】
1 〔警告や忠告への真剣な〕注意、関心、用心,留意

【自動】
気を付ける、注意{ちゅうい}する

【他動】
1 ~に気を付ける、~を気に掛ける、注意{ちゅうい}を払う、~を心に留める、留意{りゅうい}する
(give(pay) heed to…

2 傾聴{けいちょう}する、聞き入れる

用例 heed traffic regulations 交通規則を守る.

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