502 continued

Question 1

Why might data collected from qualitative research be considered less important than data obtained from randomised control trials?

Answer 1

The findings from qualitative research are not usually generalisable

Question 2

qualitative and quantitative research approaches have different underlying assumptions. Identify a key assumption made when undertaking qualitative research.
(a) Qualitative research is generally based on inductive reasoning
(b) Qualitative research is generally based on deductive reasoning
(c) Qualitative research is focused on hypothesis testing
(d) Qualitative research primarily analytical

Answer 2

(a) Qualitative research is generally based on inductive reasoning

Question 3

BONUS
What is Inductive compared with Deductive reasoning?

Answer 3

?

Question 4

What does exploratory sequential mean in mixed methods research?
(a) Qualitative research is undertaken first and this then informs the quantitative data collection
(b) Quantitative research is undertaken first and this then informs the qualitative data
(c) Only qualitative data is collected
(d) Qualitative research is undertaken first and then an assessment is completed as to if any qualitative research needs to be completed

Answer 4

(a) Qualitative research is undertaken first and this then informs the quantitative data collection

Question 5

What type of clinical question would best be answered by positivist research designs?
(a) Questions about experiences
(b) Questions about meanings
(c) Questions about clinical outcomes
(d) Questions about the lived experiences

Answer 5

(c) Questions about clinical outcomes

Question 6

What is not a main function of evidence-based practice, in terms of the NMC standards regarding fitness to practice?
(a)Evidence-based practice ensures patients are involved in decision-making
(b) Evidence-based practice ensures practice remains current
(C) Evidence-based practice helps develop nursing & midwifery researchers of the future
(d) Evidence-based practice ensures clinical guidelines are always followed

Answer 6

(d) Evidence-based practice ensures clinical guidelines are always followed

Question 7

Choose the correct 3 different research methodologies used ONLY within the quantitative paradigm:
(a) Mixed methods, case study, randomised controlled trial
(b) Survey, grounded theory, case study
(c) Case-control studies, cohort studies, randomised controlled trials
(d) Phenomenology, ethnography and grounded
theory

Answer 7

(c) Case-control studies, cohort studies, randomised controlled trials

Question 8

What is the correct order for the hierarchy of evidence from highest to lowest evidence?

Answer 8

Systematic reviews, RCTs, Observational studies, Case studies, opinions

Question 9

12 Which statement is INCORRECT about
deductive research?
(a) It tests a hypothesis
(b) it’s used in quantitative research
(c) it’s used in qualitative research
(a) Uses a positivist approach

Answer 9

(c) it’s used in qualitative research

Question 10

Which of these is only a sampling method in quantitative research?
(a) Snowball
(b) Purposive
(c) Probability
(d) Convenience

Answer 10

(c) Probability

Question 11

What is the most important reason for using a framework such as SPIDER?
(a) it helps identify the patient population
(b) it increases the likelihood that the best evidence will be identified quickly and effectively
(c) It guarantees that all the relevant evidence will be identified
(d) It ensures the right comparison is included within the question

Answer 11

(b) it increases the likelihood that the best evidence will be identified quickly and effectively

Question 12

Which research design allows us to observe the same participants over a period of time?
(a) Randomised controlled trial
(b) case-control study
(c) Case study
(d) Longitudinal survey

Answer 12

(d) Longitudinal survey

Question 13

How might you collect data in a qualitative research project?
(a) Surveys
(b) Closed questionnaires
(c) Interviews and focus groups
(d) Experiments

Answer 13

(c) Interviews and focus groups

Question 14

What kind of bias is due to errors and systematic differences in relevant Characteristics, between those who are included in a study and those who are not?
(a) Selection bias
(b) Performance bias
(c) Attrition bias
(d) Measurement bias

Answer 14

(a) Selection bias

Question 15

How is statistical significance established at the outset of a research study?
(a) By ensuring a sufficiently large sample can be recruited
(b) By determining the minimum important difference that needs to be observed
(c) By agreeing the level of the p-value to be used when analysing the results
(d) by ensuring all patients can be followed up

Answer 15

(c) By agreeing the level of the p-value to be used when analysing the results

Question 16

What is the purpose of a Cohort study?
(a) To study participants experiencing a common event
(b) To be placed in the arm of a study
(c) To be a non-randomised trial
(d) To be in a study that compares groups

Answer 16

(a) To study participants experiencing a common event

Question 17

What best describes the importance of including confidence intervals within research results?
(a) They indicate potential clinical significance when results are not statistically significant
(b) They indicate the p-value
(c) They indicate whether the sample is large enough
(d) They tell you if data is missing from the sample

Answer 17

(a) They indicate potential clinical significance when results are not statistically significant

Question 18

Which of these tests would be used to demonstrate association between nominal variables?
(a) chi squared
(b) Pearson’s correlation
(c)Spearman’s correlation
(d) ANOVA

Answer 18

(d) ANOVA

Question 19

Where would you go to get some advice about ethical approval for a research project?
(a) Research, ethics, Surveillance
(b) Research, Ethics services
(c) Research, Ethically understanding, Service
(d) Research, Evaluation, Service

Answer 19

(b) Research, Ethics services

Question 20

BONUS
What is ANOVA and what is it used for?

Answer 20

?

Question 21

What is most likely to reduce the likelihood of successfully implementing research findings into practice?
(a) only including active stakeholders
(b) Including too few stakeholders
(c) Only including passive stakeholders
(d) Failing to identify appropriate stakeholders

Answer 21

(d) Failing to identify appropriate stakeholders

Question 22

If you were measuring height as a part of a study, what kind of data would be collected?
(a) Interval
(b) Ordinal
(c) Nominal
(d) ratio

Answer 22

(d) Ratio

Question 23

What sort of bias Is of concern with survey analysis?
(a) Researcher bias
(b) Sampling bias
(c) Selection bias
(d) Confounding bias

Answer 23

(b) Sampling bias

Question 24

What does data saturation mean in qualitative research?
(a) No new themes of Information are being identified
(b) recruitment numbers reach the power calculation
(c) p-values are statistically significant
(d) Themes are still being explored

Answer 24

(a) No new themes of Information are being identified

Question 25

What does this statement describe?
‘This is the sum of numbers divided by the count of numbers’
(a) Mean
(b) Descriptive statistics
(c) Median
(d) Interferential statistics

Answer 25

(a) Mean

Question 26

What does double blinding mean in a RCT?
(a) The patient does not know the type of treatment they are receiving
(b) The patient, the investigator, and the person responsible for analysing the data do not know the type of treatment being received
(C) The patients and investigators do not know the type of treatment being received
(d) The patient knows the type of treatment they are receiving

Answer 26

(C) The patients and investigators do not know the type of treatment being received