5011 Unit 2 Flashcards
Science
Science is a systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the nature word
Goal of science
Description, prediction and control
Natural science
Empirical phenomena; Direct observation and measurement of a phenomena or it’s permanent products
Type of natural science
Physics, Chemistry, biology, behavior analysis
Social science
Hypothetical Constructs outside of the natural realm; Indirect observation and measurement
Type of social science
Psychology, sociology, political science
Philosophical assumptions
Determinism, empiricism, parsimony, philosophical doubt, pragmatism
Determinism
the universe is a lawful and orderly place
Empiricism
Objective observation with thorough Description and quantification of the phenomena of interest, behavior
Experimentation
Systemic manipulation of an independent variable
Replication
Repeating any part of an experiment
Parsimony
Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomenon of interest be ruled out Experimentally before more complex or abstract explanations are considered.
Philosophical doubt
Continually Question the truthfulness up what is regarded as fact
Pragmatism
Assesses the Truth of theories or beliefs In terms of the success of their practical application
Behavioralism
The philosophy or world view Underlying behavior analysis. Posits that behavior is the subject matter of our science.
Radical behaviorism
BF Skinner’s philosophy of the science of human behavior. Most influential type of behavior reason for guiding the science and practice of behavioral Analysis.
Determinant of behavior
Causes of behavior; probabilistic
Selection
The process in which repeated cycles occur of variation, Interaction with the environment, and differential replication as a function of the interaction
Natural Selection
The environment selects which variations survive and are passed on.
Cultural selection
Cultural practices evolve as they contribute to the success of the practicing group
Temporal contiguity
The nearness of events in time
Contingency
A dependency between events
Type of contingencies
SS contingencies (pairing)
R-S contingencies
S-R-S contingencies (Or the three Term contingency)
Basic operations
Direct observation Repeated measures Graph data Manipulation Systemic evaluation Analysis and integration
Consequential operation (+)
Contingently present a stimulus Immediately after the response
Consequential operation (-)
Contingently remove a stimulus immediately after the response
Learning
A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience
