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Advanced Sommelier Exam > 501-1000 > Flashcards

501-1000 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the VDP

A

Verbandt Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter, a German Winemaker’s Association with over 200 members and famed for adhering to strict rules of production.

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2
Q

Name the grape varieties used in Liebfraumilch

A

Sylvaner, Müller-Thurgau, and/or Kerner.

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3
Q

Name two DOC’s of Calabria

A

Cirò, Terre di Consenza

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4
Q

Why was Barco Reale DOC created

A

Created to allow for Carmignano wines to be aged for the required minimums of 2 and 3 years for the normale and riserva respectively.

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5
Q

What are the ageing requirements for white Rioja Crianza & Reserva

A

Crianza must age for a minimum of 18 months, 6 in oak.
Reserva must age for 24 months, 6 in oak.

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6
Q

What is Chateau Y

A

First produced in 1959, this is a dry white wine made from Sauvignon Blanc in the house of d’Yquem.

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7
Q

What are the parameters of the Meritage Alliance

A

Meritage, a term trademarked by the Meritage Alliance, is used by producers to indicate a premium blend in which no grape accounts for more than 90% of the wine. Meritage wines may be red or white, but must be produced from Bordeaux varieties.

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8
Q

Name the regions of Galacia

A

Rías Baixas, Ribeiro, Ribeira Sacra, Valdeorras and Monterrei.

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9
Q

Name a Beriche of Herssiche Bergstrasse

A

Starkenburg, Umstadt

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10
Q

How many years does it take before a California winery can turn organic

A

Three years

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11
Q

Name the subzones of Mendoza

A

Maipo, Luján de Cuyo, East Mendoza, Uco Valley, San Rafael

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12
Q

What is Vespolina

A

Another name for Ughetta in Piedmont

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13
Q

Name a producer in the Wahluke Slope

A

Milbrandt Vineyard, Stone Tree Vineyard, Fox Estate vineyards

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14
Q

What is Sifone

A

Mistela, unfermented grape must that is fortified instead of being fermented to make base wine, yielding a pale amber-colored liquid with 200–300 grams per liter sugar. Used as a sweetening agent, plus adding fruit flavors.

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15
Q

What are the aging requirements for Cava

A

9 months on lees for Non vintage, 18 months on lees for Reserva, 30 months on lees for Gran Reserva, 36 months on lees for Cava de Paraje Calificado

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16
Q

What is Debourdage

A

This refers to the settling of the freshly pressed grape juice, during which any fragments of skin, pips and other sediment settles at the bottom of the vat.

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17
Q

What is the Treaty of Methuen of 1703

A

The treaty stipulated that no tax higher than the tax charged for an equal amount of French wines could be charged for Portuguese wines (but see below) exported to England, and that English textiles would be admitted to Portugal at all times, regardless of the geopolitical situation in each of the two nations

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18
Q

What does Bricco mean

A

Jug in Italian

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19
Q

Name the three Berieche of the Rheinhessen

A

Bingen, Nierstein, Wonnegau

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20
Q

What is the river which runs through Chablis

A

Seine

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21
Q

What are the optimum temperatures for fermentation for white/red

A

White wines are often fermented at lower temperatures than red, at 45-60 ºF for whites and 70-85 ºF for reds.

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22
Q

Name the red and white grapes allowed for Rioja. Hint: 5 and 9

A

White: Viura, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo,Malvasía, Garnacha Blanca, Tempranillo Blanco, Maturana Blanca,Turruntés. Red: Tempranillo,Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano, Maturana Tinta

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23
Q

What does Prix de Sortie mean

A

Opening Price, as in an auction

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24
Q

Where is Pemberton

A

GI in Western Australia producing predominantly Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Shiraz

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25
Q

What is the major difference between French and American Oak

A

American oak has looser grain than French oak, as a rule and more of the wine can get deeper into the wood of a French. Also, tighter grain imparts more aromatic compounds, while looser grain releases more tannin. American oak provides a greater amount of aromas, including tropical or exotic notes such as coconut, as well as roasted aromas such as coffee, smoke, tobacco and cocoa. French oak, on the other hand, offers more delicate and subtle aromas: vanilla, honey, nuts and sweet and herbaceous spices

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26
Q

What is passerillage?

A

The french term for appassimento, a process in which grapes are left to dry in order to concentrate sugars and flavor

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27
Q

Name the subzones of Nelson

A

Motueka, Takaka (Golden Bay), Upper Moutere (Moutere Hills), Waimea Plains

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28
Q

Name four regions of Limestone Coast

A

Coonawarra GI, Padthaway GI, Mount Benson GI, Robe GI, Wrattonbully GI , Mount Gambier GI

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29
Q

What river is the village Eltsville located in

A

Rhine

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30
Q

What is the minimum temperature for picking Eiswein

A

Grapes must be harvested when temperatures are no higher than -8° C (19º F) usually in November or December.

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31
Q

What are the nine factors used to rate a Porto vineyard

A

Location, Altitude, Aspect, Soil, Rough Matter, Exposure, Shelter, Yield, Vine Variety, Density, Training system, Vine Age. Vineyards are awarded points according to each criterium and rated A through F

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32
Q

Name the seven Chianti subregions

A

Rufina, Montespertoli, Montalbano, Colli Senesi, Colli Fiorentini, Colline Pisane, Colli Aretini

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33
Q

What is a Cartouche

A

The raised glass logo or emblem embossed on a bottle of wine

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34
Q

Minimum ABV % for Chateauneuf du Pape and Gignondas

A

12.5%

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35
Q

Where is Gambellara

A

Between Soave and Valpolicella in the Veneto

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36
Q

What are the aging requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Rsva

A

Minimum 3 years aging with at least 6 months in bottle

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37
Q

What is the coolest district of Chianti

A

Castellina

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38
Q

Give three reasons why canopy management is so important in New Zealand

A

To produce a desirable canopy microclimate by improving the exposure of leaves and fruit to the sun. An open canopy also helps with reducing the pressures of diseases such as powdery mildew and botrytis. Finally, New Zealand is a very fertile country where vines tend to overgrown leaves and shoots. Canopy management was crucial in the cultivation of vigorous vines throughout the country.

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39
Q

Where is Beaumes de Venise located exactly in Southern Rhone

A

Northwest of Ventoux and southeast of both Gigondas and Vacqueyras

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40
Q

Where is Walker Bay

A

South of Overberg and west of Cape Agulhas. Walker bay is a District of the Cape South Coast Region in the Western Cape GU of South Africa.

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41
Q

Where is Mossel Bay

A

South Africa, eastern portion of Cape South Coast

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42
Q

Somerset West is a major city in what South African wine district?

A

Somerset West forms part of the Helderberg Wine Region which is a wine-producing sub-region of the greater Stellenbosch Wine Region.

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43
Q

Name the communes of the following: Clos l’Eglise, Fieuzal, Lamothe, Le Mons

A

Pomerol, Pessac-Léognan, Sauternes, Margaux

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44
Q

Name three main viticultural regions of Chile and two subregions of one of those regions.

A

Atacama. Coquimbo: Elquí, Limarí, Choapa. Aconcagua: Casa Blanca, Leyda, San Antonio, Aconcagua Costa/Valley. Central Valley: Maipo, Rapel (Cachapoal, Conchagua), Curicó, Maule. Southern: Itata, Bio Bio, Malleco. Austral

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45
Q

Best area for port and the town it is in.

A

Port is named for the city of Porto, aged across the Douro river in Vila Nova de Gaia, and grown in the Cima Corgo region, whose main city is Pinhão, and to some extent, Douro Superior

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46
Q

Name two subzones and the main grape of Rias Biaxas

A

Val do Salnés, Ribeira do Ulla, Soutomaior, O Rosal, Condado do Tea
Val do Salnés/Ribeira do Ulla: min. 70% recommended white grapes
O Rosal: min. 70% combined Albariño and Loureira
Condado do Tea: min. 70% combined Albariño and Treixadura
Blanco:
Recommended: Albariño, Loureira, Treixadura, Caiño Blanco
Authorized: Torrontés, Godello
Tinto:
Recommended:Caiño Tinto,Espadeiro, Loureira Tinta, Sousón
Authorized:Mencía, Brancellao

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47
Q

What type of wine is made in Cerons and what is the appellation

A

Cerons AOP - Grapes may be affected by botrytis and/or passerillage, and must be hand-harvested in successive tries.

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48
Q

Name two weinbauregions in Austria

A

Weinland, Wien, Bergland, Steierland

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49
Q

Where are the following villages: Deidesheim, Forst, Durkheim,

A

Pfalz

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50
Q

What is the minimum Oechsle level for Riesling auslese in Mosel

A

88 ºOechsle

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51
Q

What is the Oechsle level for Riesling Kabinett in Mosel

A

73 ºOechsle

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52
Q

What is the Oechsle level for Riesling Spätlese in Mosel

A

80 ºOechsle

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53
Q

What is the Oechsle level for Riesling BA and TBA in Mosel

A

110 and 150 ºOechsle

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54
Q

What is the grape varietal used for making quality wines of Franken

A

Spätburgunder and Müller-Thurgau

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55
Q

What drives Autovinification

A

It is a process in which wine is pumped over by the pressure created through fermentation. At full speed, this process can pump over the entire batch 3-4 times/hour

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56
Q

What is Bagaceira

A

Aguardente bagaceira is a clear and colorless Portuguese spirit distilled from grape pomace. Similar to Grappa

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57
Q

What is the grape of Bucelas

A

PDO nearest Lisboa IGP along with Colares and Carcavelos. Bucelas produces dry white wines from a minimum 75% Arinto.

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58
Q

Where is Pipers River

A

Northern shore of Tasmania near Launceston

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59
Q

Where is Coal River

A

Southern shore of Tasmania near Hobart

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60
Q

What are the soils of Sherry, Connawarra, Saumur

A

Albariza, Barro, and Arena in Sherry. Terra Rossa in Coonawarra. Tuffeau in Saumur

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61
Q

Name the quality port vintages from 1952-1962

A

1955, 1960

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62
Q

Where is Carinena

A

Northeast Spain, in the region of Aragón

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63
Q

Where is the Clare Valley

A

South Australia, North of Barosa Valley

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64
Q

Name the main grape of Jurancon

A

Petit/Gros Manseng

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65
Q

Where are the following Premier Crus: Aux Malconsorts, Mont Luisants,

A

Vosne-Romanée, Morey-Saint-Denis

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66
Q

What is the difference between Klevener and Klevner

A

Klevener refers to Savagnin and is grown in Heiligenstein. Klevner is how Pinot Blanc is know in Alsace.

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67
Q

What is the northernmost Grand Cru of Cote de Beaune

A

Corton Charlemagne, Hautes Mourottes Lieu-Dit

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68
Q

What is Dorin

A

Common name in the Swiss canton of Vaud for wine made from the Chasselas variety. It is a local term with no wine law implications and is hardly ever used anymore. It corresponds analogously to the term Perlan in the canton of Geneva. In contrast, Fendant is protected by name in the canton of Valais.

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69
Q

Where is Wellington exactly on the map

A

Wellington in Australia is In the northern shore of Lake Alexandrina, in South Australia, east of Adelaide.
Wellington in South Africa is in the Western Cape, north of Paarl.

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70
Q

Where is Nelson exactly on the map

A

The northernmost region in the south island of New Zealand, west of Marlborough, in the Tasman Bay

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71
Q

What is the Mauri name for the Southern Alps?

A

Ka Tiritiri-o-te-Moana

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72
Q

What and where is Mas a Plana

A

A Cabernet Sauvignon made by the Familia torres, located in the heart of Penedès in the subzone of Turons de Vilafranca and flanked by the Foix River and its tributary the Riera de Llitrà

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73
Q

What is the minimum temperature for harvesting ice wine in Canada

A

Hopeful producers declare their intent to produce icewine to the VQA in November and allow grapes to remain on the vine into the winter, finally harvesting the frozen grapes at night, when temperatures reach at least -8 degrees Celsius.

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74
Q

What river do the following villages sit on: Eitelsbach, Wehlen, Bad

A

Eitelsbach: Moselle, Ruwer, Wenzelbach. Wehlen: Elbe (Sachsen). Bad: Nahe

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75
Q

Name the AVAs in Napa Valley as you travel North on highway 29

A

Los Carneros on the left,
Coombsville on the right, with Wild Horse Valley farther east,
Mount Veeder on the Mayacamas to the left,
Oaknoll District,
Yountville,
Stags Leap District to the right,
Atlas Peak on the Vaca Mountain to the right,
Oakville,
Rutherford,
Saint Helena,
Spring Mountain District to the left on the Mayacamas,
Howell Mountain to the right on the Vaca,
Chiles Valley District farther east,
Diamond Mountain District to the left,
Calistoga

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76
Q

Where is Boberg and what style of wines are they know for

A

Until 2019, an additional region, Boberg, was permitted for fortified wines from Franschhoek, Paarl, Wellington, and Tulbagh, but it was repealed in 2019.

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77
Q

Name the Districts of the Coastal Region north to South. Hint: 8

A

Swartland.
Tulbagh
Darling.
Wellington.
Parl.
Cape Town.
Stellenbosch.
Franschhoek

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78
Q

What is the Italian designation for Vin de Pays

A

IGT, Indicazione Geografica Tipica

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79
Q

What is a Hybrid

A

The offspring of two varieties of different species

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80
Q

Other than the Highlands and Lowlands, name two other areas for Scotch

A

Speyside, Campbeltown, Islay

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81
Q

Where exactly is Chateau Tahbilk

A

Historic winery with National Trust certification located north of Melbourne between the townships of Seymour and Nagambie in the Nagambie Lakes subregion of Goulburn Valley. Established in 1860, the oldest family-owned winery and vineyard in Victoria. Part of Australia’s First Families of Wine alliance. East of the Goulburn River and west of the Tahbilk lagoon.

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82
Q

Where is the Swan Valley GI?

A

In the Swan District in the Greater Perth, in Western Australia.
There is also a Swan Hill in Big River, in New South Wales.

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83
Q

Name four Grand Cru Villages from Cote de Blancs

A

Couilly, Oiry, Cramant, Avize, Oger, Le Mesnil-sur-Oger

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84
Q

What is the name of the brandy added in port production and ratio/must.

A

Aguardente bagaceira is a clear and colorless Portuguese spirit distilled from grape pomace. It is added to wine at a ratio of 1:4 (Brandy/Wine)

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85
Q

What is Taurasi

A

Taurasi and Taurasi riserva are red, still Italian wines based principally on the Aglianico grape variety produced in the Province of Avellino in the Campania region.

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86
Q

What is Ouzo

A

Ouzo is a dry anise-flavored aperitif that is widely consumed in Greece. It is made from rectified spirits that have undergone a process of distillation and flavoring. Its taste is similar to other anise liquors like pastis, sambuca, rakı and arak.

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87
Q

Where and what is Fendant

A

Dry white wine made in Valais from Chasselas

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88
Q

Where is Saint-Croix du Mont and where exactly is it located

A

Entre-deux-Mers, Across the Garonne from Preignac, north (downriver) from Saint-Maccaire and South (upriver) from Loupiac, producing dry white wines

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89
Q

Where is the Coteaux du Loir and give its AOCS

A

North of the Loire Valley. Red blends and rosés based on Pineau d’Aunis and the white from Chenin Blanc. Chenin Blanc from Jasnières AOP is the Coteaux du Loir’s best wine. Chenin Blanc from Jasnières is similar to Vouvray with more green and herbaceous in character. Northeast of the Coteaux du Loir is Coteaux du Vendômois AOP producing 100% Pineau d’Aunis.

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90
Q

Where exactly is Lauceston

A

North shore of Tasmania

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91
Q

What are the grape varieties use in Vin Santo, describe production

A

Vin santo, or holy wine, is a high alcohol, almond- and honey-toned dried grape wine produced from Trebbiano and Malvasia grapes. “Occhio di Pernice” are produced with a minimum of 50% Sangiovese added to the white grapes. The grapes are hung from rafters to dry for a specified time set by each DOC—the grapes are usually raisinated until December 1, at least. A period of slow fermentation and aging in caratelli barrels follows, for a period of between three and eight years, depending on the style. Chestnut wood is traditionally used, allowing rapid oxidation, although many modern producers have switched to oak. The barrels are never topped—alcohol is concentrated through evaporation and the wine gains its characteristic amber hue. The final style of vin santo may be dry or sweet, depending on the length of the appassimento process. Vin santo may be fortified, and labeled liquoroso.

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92
Q

What does Millerandage mean

A

A manifestation of coulure, where bunches end up with berries of irregular size and maturity, with a high proportion of seedless berries, usually caused by inclement weather during flowering. Merlot tends to be affected by this more often than other grapes.

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93
Q

What does the term INAO indicate

A

Formerly, Institut National des Appellations d’Origine. Currently Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualité

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94
Q

What port house does Vargellas belong to

A

Taylor Fladgate. Quinta de Vargellas is pre-eminent among the wine estates of the Douro. Located in the wild and hilly eastern reaches of the valley, it has been prized as a source of the finest ports since the 1820s. Today it ranks among the great vineyards of the world.

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95
Q

Name two regions in Tasmania

A

Unofficial Subregions:
Northern Tasmania: Pipers River, Tamar Valley, North West Coast.
Southern Tasmania: Derwent Valley, Huon Valley, Coal River/Richmond, The East Coast

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96
Q

Explain Brouillis in Cogac production

A

Cognac is distilled twice in a copper Charentais pot still. The first distillation produces a spirit of 28% to 32% ABV called the brouillis. Several batches of brouillis are returned to the boiler to be distilled again, to extract the soul of Cognac. The second distillation, or bonne chauffe, is divided into several parts: the têtes (heads), coeur (heart), secondes (second cut), and queues (tails). The Eux-de-Vie goes into barrel at around 70%ABV

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97
Q

What wine is produced outside Carcassone

A

Sparkling wine, Pays d’Oc vin Mousseaux

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98
Q

What is jerepigo

A

Inside South Africa, Muscadel is the local name for Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, while Hanepoot is the name for Muscat of Alexandria. When Hanepoot is fortified prior to fermentation, the result is thevin de liqueur Jerepigo.

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99
Q

What is the capacity of a Bathalazar

A

16 bottles, 12L

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100
Q

What are the Champagne Bottle Sizes

A

Piccolo - 187mL.
Demi - 375mL.
Standard - 750mL.
Magnum - 1.5L - 2btls.
Jéroboam - 3L - 4btls.
Rehoboam - 4.5L - 6btls.
Methuselah - 6L - 8btls.
Salmanazar - 9L - 12btls.
Balthazar - 12L - 16btls.
Nebuchadnezzar - 15L - 20btls

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101
Q

What are the Bordeaux Bottle Sizes

A

Standard - 750mL.
Magnum - 1.5L - 2btls.
Marie-Jeanne - 2.25L - 3btls.
Double Magnum - 3L - 4btls.
Jéroboam - 4.5L - 6btls.
Impériale - 6L - 8btls

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102
Q

What is Ausbruch

A

German equivalent of the Hungarian Azsú, traditionally designating sweet wines made from botrytized grapes which made the reputations of Toikaij and of Rust on the shores of Neusiedlersee

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103
Q

Name the zones of Western Australia north to south. Hint: 5
Getting Cornered Easily Shows Weakness

A

Greater Perth.
Central Western Australia.
Eastern Plains, Inland and North of Western Australia.
South West Australia.
West Australian South East Coast

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104
Q

Name three Satellites of Pouilly Fuisse

A

Pouilly-Loché, Pouilly-Vinzelles, Solutré-Pouilly

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105
Q

Name the GIs of South Australia north to south. Hint: 18

A

Southern Flinders Ranges with Mount Remarkable.
Riverland.
Clare Valley.
Barossa Valley.
Eden Valley with High Eden.
Adelaide Plains.
Adelaide Hills with Lenswood and Piccadilly Valley.
McLaren Valle.
Langhorne Creek.
Southern Fleurieu.
Currency Creek.
Kangaroo Island.
Padthaway.
Wrattinbully.
Mount Benson.
Robe.
Coonawarra.
Mount Gambier.

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106
Q

Name the GIs of Western Australia north to south. Hint: 9

A

Swan District with Swan Valley.
Perth Hills.
Peel.
Geographe.
Blackwood Valley.
Margaret River.
Manjimup.
Pemberton.
Great Southern with Albany, Denmark, Franklin River, Mount Barker, Porongurup

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107
Q

Name the Zones of South Australia north to south. Hint: 5

A

Far North.
The Peninsulas.
Adelaide Superzone comprised of Mount Lofty, Barossa and Fleurieu.
Lower Murray.
Limestone Coast.

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108
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Gevrey-Chambertin

A

Philipe Leclerc, René Leclerc, Henri Magnien, Dugat-Py, Armand Rousseau, Domaine Fourrier, Claude Dugat, Denis Mortet, Pierre Damoy, Domaine Bachelet

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109
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Morey-Saint-Denis

A

Domaine Ponsot, Jean-Marie Fourrier, Clos de Tart, Clos des Lambrays, Domaine Dujac, Lignier-Michelot, Groffier

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110
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Chambolle-Musigny

A

Boursot, Georges Roumier, Jacques-Frédéric Mugnier, Georges de Vogüe, Amiot Servelle, Ghislaine Barthod, Sigaut

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111
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Vougeot

A

Domaine Bertagna, Domaine de la Vougeraie, Château de la Tour, Chateau du Clos de Vougeot, Christian Clerget, Christian Confuron

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112
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Vosne-Romanée

A

Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, Domaine Leroy, Domaine du Comte Liger-Belair, Domaine Jean-Grivot, Domaine Anne Gros, Domaine Michel Gros, Domaine Meo-Camuzet, Domaine Sylvain Cathiard, Domaine Robert Arnoux

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113
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Nuits-Saint-Georges

A

Hospice de NSG, Caveau Moillard NSG, Henri Gouges, Thibault Liger-Belair, Robert Chevillon, Jean Chauvenet

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114
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Aloxe-Corton

A

Caveau d’Aloxe-Corton, Chateau de Corton-André, Maurice Chapuis, Bruno Colin, Antonin Guyon, Didier Meuneveaux

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115
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Beaune

A

Albert Bichot et Cie, Bouchard Père et Fils S.A., Chanson Père et Fils, Hospices de Beaune, Lucien le Moine, Domaine des Croix, Bouchard Ainé

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116
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Pommard

A

Comte Armand, Billard-Gonnet, Jean-Marc Boillot, Chateau de Pommard, A.-F. Gros, François Parent, Domaine Clos des Epeneaux

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117
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Volnay

A

Marquis d’Angerville, Michel Lafarge, Hubert de Montille, Pousse d’Or, Nicolas Rossignol, Les Deux Montille, Bitouzet-Prieur, Albert Boillot

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118
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Meursault

A

Arnaud Ente, Jean-Philippe Fichet, Vincent Girardin, Patrick Javillier, Comtes Lafon, Chateau de Meursault, Jean-Michel Gaunoux, Guy Roulot, Coche-Dury

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119
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Puligny-Montrachet

A

Louis Carillon et Fils, Anne-Claude Leflaive, Olivier Leflaive Frères, Paul Pernot et Fils, Chateau de Puligny-Montrachet, Étienne Sauzet

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120
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Chassagne-Montrachet

A

Chateau de Chassagne-Montrachet, Ramonet, Blain-Gagnard, Paul Pillot, Vincent Dancer

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121
Q

name 5 Domaines located in the village of Santenay

A

Chateau de Santenay, Chateau de la Crée, Jacques & Justin Girardin, Lucien Muzard, Roger Belland

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122
Q

What is the dominant soil type of Champagne?

A

Chalk with Clay in the Aube

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123
Q

What is the name of the 3 presses of champagne grapes and how many liters do they represent?

A

The first press is the cuvée and is maxed out at 2050L, the second press is the taille and is maxed at 500L, the third press is the rebêche and is limited at 116L.

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124
Q

Name all the steps in Champagne production:

A

Harvest, Pressing, Débourbage, First Fermentation, soutirage, assemblage, liqueur de tirage, prise de mousse, élevage, remuage, dégorgement, Dosage, poignetage, mirage

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125
Q

Why is tartrate stability important in champagne?

A

Because tartrate crystals serve as nucleation points for CO2, which causes gushing on opening, Champagne must therefore be tartrate stable at the time of bottling.

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126
Q

What is Vin Clair?

A

The product of the first fermentation is known as a vin clair, simple, somewhat crude, and definitively incomplete and unbalanced.

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127
Q

What is the maximum percentage the liqueur de tirage may contribute to a finished champagne?

A

1.5%

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128
Q

What is a Pupitre?

A

A literal translation of pupitre is desk. The pupitre as it is known today was patented by Michelot in 1864 and consists of two hinged, heavy rectangular boards, each containing 60 holes that have been bored at an angle of 45 degrees. The angled cut of each hole allows a bottle to be held by the neck, starting almost horizontally and gradually going through any number of intermediate angles to a practically vertical, inverted position.

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129
Q

What is the minimum aging for a Vintage Champagne?

A

Vintage champagne must age for a minimum of 30 months on lees

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130
Q

What is Coteaux Champenois?

A

Coteaux Champenois covers still red, white, and rosé wines from the entire champagne appellation

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131
Q

What is Rosé de Riceys?

A

Rosé de Riceys is reserved for 100% Pinot Noir rosé wines produced in Les Riceys, a cru village in the Aube.

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132
Q

How is Rosé Champagne made?

A

The most common method of making Rosé Champagne is to blend white and black grape musts with a small amount of red wine (between 5 and 15%).

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133
Q

How much pressure is typical in a Champagne bottle?

A

The pressure in a champagne bottle is typically between 70 and 90 pounds per square inch.

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134
Q

What is Liqueur di Tirage?

A

Liqueur de tirage is an umbrella name for a series of operations, in which several individual ingredients are prepared separately and progressively, and each is added to the base wine at the appropriate moment.

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135
Q

What is a gyropalette?

A

A gyropalette is a piece of equipment used in the production of sparkling wine, used as a mechanized way to riddle a large amount of bottles

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136
Q

What is a Cuvée Prestige?

A

Prestige cuvees are a Champagne house’s finest product.

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137
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Ayala?

A

Cuvée Perle d’Ayala

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138
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Billecart-Salmon?

A

Nicolas-François Billecart and Clos St-Hilaire

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139
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Bollinger?

A

La Grande Année

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140
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by De Venogue?

A

Grand Vin des Princes / Louis XV

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141
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Deutz?

A

Cuvée William Deutz

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142
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Drappier?

A

Charles de Gaulle and Grande Sendré

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143
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Duval-Leroy?

A

Femme de Champagne and Clos des Bouveries

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144
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Egly-Ouriet?

A

Les Crayères

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145
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Gosset?

A

Celebris

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146
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Guy Larmandier?

A

Guy Larmandier

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147
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Jacques Selosse?

A

Millésimé and Substance

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148
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Jacquesson?

A

Dégorgement Tardif

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149
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Krug?

A

Clos du Mesnil and Clos d’Ambonnay

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150
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Laurent Perrier?

A

Grande Siècle

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151
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Legras?

A

Cuvée Saint-Vincent

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152
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Louis Roederer?

A

Cristal

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153
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Nicolas Feuillatte?

A

Palmes d’Or

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154
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Moët et Chandon?

A

Dom Pérignon

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155
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Perrier-Jouët?

A

Belle Époque

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156
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Philipponnat?

A

Clos des Goisses

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157
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Pol Roger?

A

Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill

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158
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Pommery?

A

Apanage

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159
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Ruinart?

A

Dom Ruinart

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160
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Taittinger?

A

Comtes de Champagne and Les Folies de la Marquetterie

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161
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Tarlant?

A

Cuvée Louis

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162
Q

What is the cuvée prestige made by Veuve-Clicquot?

A

La Grande Dame

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163
Q

What is Crémant?

A

Sparkling wine made outside champagne following the traditional method.

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164
Q

Which region of France has the most northerly vineyards?

A

Champagne

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165
Q

What is the CIVC?

A

Le Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne (CIVC) is an organisation grouping the actors of the Champagne production and trade - growers, cooperatives and merchants - under the direction of the government.

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166
Q

Where in Champagne is Chardonnay the main grape?

A

Côte de Blancs

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167
Q

What are the requirements of Club Trésors de Champagne?

A

Viticulture and vinification must occur on the estate. The Club will declare the vintages, members may decide whether or not to produce a Special Club wine.
All base wines andfinished Special Club wines must undergo tasting analysis. All Special Club bottles share an identical bottle shape.

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168
Q

Describe these vintages in Champagne: ’96’94’93’90’87’85’82

A

94, 93 and 87 were largely undeclared due to inclement weather causing poor fruit quality. 96, 85 and 82 are regarded as perfect vintages. 90 was the best vintage since 85.

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169
Q

Which Champagne region produces the most black grapes?

A

Montagne de Reims

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170
Q

What are the 7 authorized grapes of Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir, Meunier, Chardonnay, Arbane, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Petit Meslier. Voltis has been authorized for exploration at a maximum of 5% of the cuvée.

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171
Q

What percentage of the fixed price for grapes may be charged for Grand Cru, Premier Cru, Cru?

A

100% for grands crus; 90 through 99 for premier cru. Below90 were simply crus. Today, the CIVC recommends, rather than regulates pricing, and supervises the exchange between growers and Champagne houses in order to promote fairness. In the early 2000s, the CIVC abolished the system entirely.

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172
Q

Vintage Champagne may or may not contain wine from previous vintages?

A

Vintage Champagne must be made entirely from the vintage stated on the label

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173
Q

What is Liquer d’expedition?

A

Another term for dosage. It is the final adjustments made to the wine before cocking and shipping,

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174
Q

Who is credited with starting the remuage portion of the Champagne process?

A

Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin

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175
Q

Name the levels of sweetness/dryness for Champagne and their respective dosage.

A

Brut Nature 0 to 3 grams per liter, Extra Brut 0 to 6 grams per liter, Brut 0 to 12 grams per liter, Extra dry 12 to 17 grams per liter, Sec 17-32 grams per liter, Demi-Sec 32 to 50 grams per liter, Doux 50 grams per liter and above

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176
Q

Most Blanc de Blanc Champagne comes from which region of Champagne?

A

Côte de Blancs

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177
Q

Name the only AC in France which allows blending of red and white wines to produce Rose’

A

Champagne

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178
Q

What is Autoclave?

A

A large stainless steel container, under pressure

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179
Q

What is Carbonation?

A

Dissolving a certain quantity of CO2 gas in dry or sweet wines using liquefied CO2 is known as carbonation

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180
Q

What does Petillant mean?

A

Slightly sparkling, or fizzy

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181
Q

Describe the Charmat process

A

The second fermentation takes place in a pressurized tank, rather than in a bottle, decreasing lees contact and producing larger, coarser bubbles. The wine is filtered under pressure and bottled.

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182
Q

Describe the Transversage Method. How does it differ from the Transfer method?

A

The name transversage method is often used as a synonym to transfer method, but is actually a slight twist to the latter. In the transfer method proper, the wine is transferred to a tank directly after ageing on lees, while in the transversage method, the wine is riddled and disgorged before transfer to a tank.

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183
Q

What is Vin Mousseux?

A

It is to be understood as an umbrella term or collective term for sparkling wines with no indication of method used.

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184
Q

What does Perlant mean?

A

Slightly effervescent

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185
Q

What does Spritzig mean?

A

Slightly effervescent

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186
Q

What is Perlwein?

A

Slightly effervescent wine

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187
Q

What is Schaumwein?

A

Sparkling wine in German

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188
Q

What is a Spumante?

A

Sparkling wine in Italian

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189
Q

Name the Grand Crus in Gevrey-Chambertin from north to south. Hint: 9

A

Mazis-Chambertin, Ruchottes-Chambertin, Chambertin-Clos de Bèze, Chapelle-Chambertin, Griotte-Chambertin, Chambertin, Mazoyères-Chambertin, Latricières-Chambertin, Charmes-Chambertin

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190
Q

Name the Grand Crus in Morey-Saint-Denis from north to south. Hint: 5

A

Clos de la Roche, Clos Saint-Denis, Clos de Lambray, Clos de Tart, Bonnes Mares

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191
Q

Name the Grand Crus in Chambolle-Musigny from north to south. Hint: 2

A

Bonnes Mares, Musigny

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192
Q

Name the Grand Crus in Flagey-Echezeaux from north to south. Hint: 2

A

Echézeaux, Grand-Echézeaux

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193
Q

Name the Grand Crus in Vosne-Romanée from north to south. Hint: 6

A

Richebourg, Romanée Saint-Vivant, Romanée Conti, La Romanée, La Grande Rue, La Tâche

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194
Q

Name the Grand Crus in Puligny and Chassagne Montrachet from north to south. Hint: 5

A

Chevalier-Montrachet, Montrachet, Bâtard-Montrachet, Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet, Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet

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195
Q

What was the first AVA?

A

Augusta Missouri in 1980

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196
Q

What is Bairrada?

A

DOP wine region in northern Portugal west of Dão and south of Porto, in the Beira Atlântico region

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197
Q

What grapes are used to make Cava? Hint: 9

A

Xarel-lo, Macabeo, Parellada, Chardonnay, Malvasia, Pinot Noir, Monastrel, Garnacha, Trepat

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198
Q

Name 2 AVA from Virginia

A

Shenandoah Valley, North Fork of Roanoke, Rocky Knob, Monticello, Northern neck GW Birthplace, Virginia’s Eastern Shore, Middleburg Virginia, Appalachian High Country, Virginia Peninsula

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199
Q

What % of the stated grape variety must be used in making German QmP wines?

A

85%

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200
Q

What is Pressac?

A

Bordeaux Right Bank name for Malbec

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201
Q

What are the sweetness levels of German wine?

A

Trocken and Halbtrocken. Feinherb is an unofficial term describing an off-dry wine, similar to Halbtrocken.

202
Q

What are the primary grapes used to make Sauternes?

A

Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle

203
Q

Name 2 wines from the Central Valley of Loire

A

Chateaumeillant, Cote Roannaise

204
Q

Where is Marsala made and what is it made from?

A

Fortified wine from Sicily made with Grillo, Ansonica (Inzolia), Catarratto, Damaschino, Perricone, Calabrese (Nero d’Avola), and Nerello Mascalese

205
Q

What grapes are used to make Hermitage?

A

Syrah and up to 15% Marsanne and/or Roussanne cofermented

206
Q

Name a white wine appellation in the Rhone

A

Chateau-Grillet, Condrieu, Saint-Peray, Cremend de Die, Coteaux-de-Die, Clairette de Bellegarde

207
Q

Name 4 grapes grown in Burgundy other than Chard and Pinot

A

Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Aligoté, Gamay, César, Melon de Bourgogne, Sauvignon Blanc and Gris

208
Q

What grape is used to make Gavi?

A

Cortese

209
Q

Where would you find Pinotage and what is it?

A

Famous grape from South Africa created from the cross of Pinot Noir and Cinsault

210
Q

What is Retsina?

A

Wine from Greece made with the addition of Aleppo pine resin, out of Savatiano grapes

211
Q

What French wine regions make wine using the passerillage method?

A

Cerons, Jura, Jurançon. Quarts de Chaume may be either botrytis or passerillage.

212
Q

What is Savennieres?

A

AOC in the Loire Valley west of the city of Angers producing Chenin Blanc. Major producers include Nicolas Joly and Domaine Aux Moines

213
Q

What is the full name for the fungus that is responsible for making sweet wines of Sauternes and sweet German wines?

A

Botrytis Cenerea, also known as noble rot, eldefeule, pourriture noble, muffa nobile

214
Q

Name the 6 communes of the Medoc Classified in 1855

A

From west to east they are Saint-Estèphe, Pauillac, Saint-Julien, Saint-Laurent, Margaux, Macau

215
Q

Which grapes are used to make Cognac?

A

Predominantly Ugni Blanc however Colombard, Folle Blanche, Montils, Sémillon are also allowed

216
Q

What is the main flavoring ingredient for Kirsch? Framboise? Quetsch?

A

Morello Cherries, Raspberries, Black Plum

217
Q

What is a matriculation number?

A

A unique code assigned to every grower by the Comité Interprofessionel du Vin de Champagne (CIVC), the Champagne trade association.

218
Q

Name 3 dessert style wines from the Loire

A

Molleux, Quarts de Chaume, Beaunezeaux

219
Q

Name the AVAs in Oregon north to south

A

Walla Walla.
The Rocks District of Milton-Freewater.
Columbia Valley.
Columbia Gorge.
Willamette Valley.
Yamhill-Carlton.
Chehalem Mountains.
Ribbon Ridge.
Dundee hills.
McMinville.
Eola-Emity Hills.
Snake River Valley.
Southern Oregon.
Umpqua Valley.
Elkton Oregon.
Red Hill Douglas County.
Rogue Valley.
Applegate Valley.

220
Q

Where is Barrossa Valley?

A

In the Adelaide Superzone of South Australia

221
Q

What areas can legally produce Liebfraumlch?

A

Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Nahe, Rheingau

222
Q

What grapes are used to make Bardolino?

A

Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella, Molinara

223
Q

Where is Margaret River?

A

South West Coast zone of Western Australia

224
Q

What is the sweetest style of Madeira?

A

Malmsey

225
Q

What does methode rurale refer to?

A

Methode Ancestral, French term for a an ancient or ancestral style of sparkling wine made by bottling still-fermenting juice and allowing it to finish to dryness in bottle

226
Q

What is the principal flavoring ingredient in Vermouth?

A

According to Italian law, vermouth is a product made up of at least 75% wine, fortified and flavored with an alcoholic infusion of herbs and spices which must include artemisia

227
Q

What is a VDN?

A

Sweet fortified wine

228
Q

What grapes can be used for Vouvray?

A

Chenin Blanc with a maximum of 5% Orbois

229
Q

What is teinturier?

A

A red grape whose pulp is also red

230
Q

Name 4 recommended grapes for Port

A

Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cão, and Tinta Barroca

231
Q

What is Bandol?

A

Appellation within Provence making red wines with a minimum of 50% Mourvedre and white wines with a minimum of 50% Clairette.

232
Q

What is an Oechsle?

A

The Oechsle scale is a hydrometer scale measuring the density of grape must

233
Q

What is the main grape used in Asti Spumante?

A

Asti Spumante DOCG is made with 100% Moscato Bianco and fully sparkling. Moscato d’Asti on the other hand is only frisante. Both made using the charmat method

234
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barolo?

A

38 months from November 1 of the harvest year, including 18 months in wood.

235
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barolo Riserva?

A

62 months from November 1 of the harvest year, including 18 months in wood.

236
Q

What is Barolo Chinato?

A

Barolo Chinato is an aromatized wine produced with Barolo DOCG, enriched with cinchona calisaya bark, rhubarb and gentian root and the precious cardamom seed whose active principles are extracted with a slow maceration at room temperature.

237
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barbaresco?

A

Minimum 26 months from November 1 of the harvest year minimum 9 months in wood, may be released after January 1 of the third year following the harvest

238
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barbaresco Riserva?

A

Minimum 50 months from November 1 of the harvest year minimum 9 months in wood, may be released after January 1 of the fifth year following the harvest

239
Q

Name 3 generally declared vintages for Port in the 1970’s

A

1970 and 1977. 1975 and 78 were declared but regarded as low quality

240
Q

How many premier crus for white wine were there in the 1855 Classification?

A

27, all in Sauternes

241
Q

What does Foxy refer to?

A

A pejorative term used when describing predominantly, but not limited to, vitis labrusca wines, said to be akin to animal fur, barnyard, and musk.

242
Q

What is batonage?

A

French term for the winemaking operation of lees stirring.

243
Q

What grape is used to make Chateau Grillet?

A

Viognier

244
Q

Name a sparkling wine from Southwest France

A

Gaillac AOP Vin Mousseaux Blanc, Doux, and Méthode Ancestral

245
Q

Name 3 countries that produce rum

A

Brazil.
Cuba.
Jamaica.
Barbados.
Haiti.
Bermuda.
Dominican Republic.
Porto Rico.
Mexico.
Netherlands.

246
Q

Name 5 Premier Curs from Puligny-Montrachet

A

Les Perrières, Les Pucelles, Les Folatières, Les Referts, Champ-Canet, La Garenne

247
Q

What is Valais?

A

Furthest region up the Rhône river in Switzerland.

248
Q

What is Fitou?

A

Red wine appellation in the Aude department in the Languedoc producing wines with Min. 60% combined Grenache (min. 20%) and Carignan (min. 20%); min. 10% combined Syrah and Mourvèdre

249
Q

What is a Manzanilla?

A

Fino Sherry aged in the town of Sanlúcar de Barrameda.

250
Q

What is wort?

A

Wort is an aqueous solution of extract made from grain, intended for fermentation by yeast into beer. Similar to grape must

251
Q

What is a Monopole?

A

A vineyard that is owned entirely by one entity.

252
Q

What is apassimento?

A

Italian term for passerillage, the process of air drying grapes in straw matts in order to concentrate flavors and sugars.

253
Q

What is Crusted Port?

A

Crusted port is a style of port created by British shippers in order to provide some of the qualities of vintage port in a shorter time, and therefore at a lower price

254
Q

What grapes are used for Sherry?

A

Quality Sherry is made with Palomino and Sweeter styles made with Pedro Ximénes

255
Q

Which classification in Bordeaux is reviewed every 10 years?

A

In theory, the Saint-Emilion classification which started in 1955 is set to be revised every 10 years, however due to many legal battles, the revisions have not been so regular, being revised only in 1969, 86, 96, 2006, 2012 and 2022, with the 2006 classification being annulled.

256
Q

What is Crackling Wine?

A

Popular in California during the 50s and 60s Crackling wines are a style of crisp wine which can be very floral and refreshing with a lower volume of effervescence than that of Champagne.

257
Q

What are the 2 basic types of Gin?

A

London dry with examples like Bombay Sapphire, London Dry, and Beefeater; and Plymouth Gin. Plymouth is slightly less dry than London and contains more root ingredients in the botanical base, resulting in an earthier flavor than London.

258
Q

What is a Daiquiri?

A

Cocktail named after a Cuban city and made of Rum, lime juice and simple syrup.

259
Q

What is Crimea?

A

Region in the Black Sea with large vineyard area and now part of Russia. Formerly part of Ukraine and producing Saperavy, Rkatsiteli, Aligoté and Cabernet Sauvignon

260
Q

What Communes are allowed the Pouilly-Fuisse AC?

A

Chaintré, Fuissé, Solutré-Pouilly, Vergisson

261
Q

Briefly explain the geographical difference between Beaune AOC and Côte de Beaune AOC.

A

Beaune AOC is reserved for wines coming from the vineyards adjacent to the commune of Beaune alone. Cote de Beaune AOC is used for wines coming from the vineyards farther up the hill westward towards Bligny-sur-Ouche

262
Q

No barrique… No Berlusconi… To what producer is this quote famously attributed?

A

Bartolo Mascarello

263
Q

What is the literal translation for the following beer terms? Hefe Wit Saison Weizen

A

Yeast, white, season, weizen

264
Q

Name the current owners of each of the following estates: a, Robert Mondavi. b, Domaine des Lambrays. c, Château Haut-Brion. d, Columbia Winery. e, Mayacamas

A

Constellation Brands, LVMH, Domaine Clarence Dillon, Gallo, the Schottenstein family.

265
Q

In the wine world, what does COLA stand for and what federal agency grants it?

A

Certificate of Label Approvals (COLAs) are required to ensure that distilleries, wineries, breweries and importers comply with these federal regulations when marketing and designing labels for their alcoholic beverages, granted by the TTB

266
Q

Name all AOCs a producer in Martillac would be entitled to when producing dry white wines.

A

Graves, Pessac-Léognan, Bordeaux

267
Q

Name the most prominent aroma/aromas associated with reductive white Burgundy.

A

Common aromas associated with reduction are cooked or rotten eggs, onions or garlic, sweet corn and rubber, cabbage, flint, struck match and burned rubber.

268
Q

Why was the outcome of the Hundred Years’ War significant for the future of Bordeaux?

A

The war spanned five generations of rulers; in its course the nations of England and France fully materialized, and at its conclusion with the Battle of Castillon in 1453 Aquitaine reverted to French rule. Bordeaux was French again.

269
Q

Name two countries in which Ouzo may legally be produced.

A

Greece and Cyprus

270
Q

Briefly contrast the techniques of micro-oxygenation and hyperoxydation in winemaking. Comment specifically on when each technique is employed.

A

Hyperoxydation refers to the deliberate oxidation of white wine must pre fermentation, whereas micro-oxygenation is used during red winemaking and employed during the aging process.

271
Q

Who was Jan van Riebeeck and why is he important in wine history?

A

Jan van Riebeeck, the first governor of the Cape, planted a vineyard in 1655, and on 2 February 1659, the first wine was made from Cape grapes. This led to the planting of vines on a larger scale at Roschheuvel, known today as Bishopscourt, Wynberg.

272
Q

What is the most recent vintage of Dom Pérignon available in the US market?

A

2013

273
Q

What geographical feature forms the northern boundary of Rutherglen GI?

A

Murray River

274
Q

What grapes are grown in the Pais Vasco?

A

Ondarrabi Zuri, Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia (Petit Courbu), Izkiriota (Gros Manseng), Izkiriota Ttippia (Petit Manseng), Ondarrabi Beltza

275
Q

Name 5 wineries from Priorat

A

Ferrer Bobet, Alvaro Palacios, Familia Torres, Clos Mogador, Clos Erasmus, Mas Martinet, Costier de Priorat, Scala Dei, Vall Llach

276
Q

What does KMW stand for?

A

Klosterneuburg Mostwage. 1 ºKMW = 5 ºOechsle

277
Q

Which of New Zealand’s two main islands experiences more rainfall during the growing season and why?

A

The west coast of the southern island receives the most amount of rain due to the rain shadow effect caused by the Ka Tiritiri O Te Moana range

278
Q

You’ve got a table full of home-brewing geeks and they’re talking about kräusen. What does the term kräusen refer to?

A

The term Krausen is derived from a German word for ‘curly’. It describes the foamy build-up on the surface of beer that occurs in fermentation caused by yeast.

279
Q

Which yeast species creates flor?

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

280
Q

Which village AOC in the Côte de Nuits produces the most red wine annually?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin

281
Q

Name four island PDOs in the Atlantic Ocean.

A

In Açores: Biscoitos DOP, Graciosa DOP, Pico DOP
In Madeira: Madeira DOP, Madeirense DOP
In Canary Islands: Abona DO, El Hierro DO, Gran Canaria DO, La Gomera DO, Islas Canarias VC, La Palma DO, Lanzarote DO, Tacoronte-Acentejo DO, Valle de Güímar DO, Valle de la Orotava DO, Ycoden-Daute-Isora DO

282
Q

Name the first DACs to be awarded in both Niederösterreich and Burgenland.

A

Weinviertel in 2002 in Niederösterreich, and Mittelburgenland in 2005 in Burgenland

283
Q

Briefly contrast the en vaso and vara y pulgar styles of vine-training.

A

Vaso is another name for the Goblet system best suited to low vigor vineyards in dryer climates. Vara y pulsar is similar to single guyot and is used in Jeréz.

284
Q

Cable Car Cocktail

A

Cocktail created in 1996 by Tony Abou-Ganim. Variant of the Sidecar, it commemorates the Starlight Room in the Drake Hotel in San Francisco. The recipe varies, but generally involves Captain Morgan Spiced Rum, orange Curaçao, and lemon sour, garnished with a cinnamon-sugared rim.

285
Q

If a wine is labeled with California as its state of origin, what percentage of fruit must have been grown in California?

A

100%

286
Q

On an afternoon drive from the north point of Cape Naturaliste to the south point of Cape Leeuwin, what three major bodies of water will you encounter?

A

Geographe Bay, Hardy Inlet, Flinders Bay

287
Q

Name the Bereich of Mosel East to west, North to south

A

Burg Cochem, Bernkastel, Ruwertal, Saar, Moseltor, Obermosel

288
Q

Name the Main Villages of Mosel between Cochem and Trittenheim. Hint: 14

A

Cochem.
Zell.
Erden.
Ürzig.
Zeltingen-Rachtig.
Wehlen.
Graach an der Mosel
Bernkastel.
Lieser.
Braunenberg.
Wintrich.
Piersport.
Dhron.
Trittenheim

289
Q

What is the only Bereiche in the Rheingau?

A

Johannisberg

290
Q

Name the Main Villages of Rheingau between Lorch and Wicker (west to east). Hint: 17

A

Lorch.
Assmannshausen.
Rüdesheim.
Geisenheim.
Johannisberg.
Winkel.
Oestrich.
Hallgarten.
Hattenheim.
Erbach.
Kiedrich.
Eltville.
Rauenthal.
Martinsthal.
Walluf.
Hochheim.
Wicker

291
Q

Name the Main Villages of Rheinhessen north to south. Hint: 13

A

Bodenheim.
Nackenheim.
Nierstein.
Oppenheim.
Dienheim.
Siefersheim.
Bingen.
Appenheim.
Westhofen.
Flörsheim-Dalsheim.
Dittelsheim.
Monsheim.
Worms

292
Q

What is the soil of the satellites of Saint-Emilion? Name the subregions from North to South.

A

Clay and limestone.
Lussac-Saint-Emilion.
Puisseguin-Saint-Emilion.
Montagne-Saint-Emilion.
Saint-Georges-Saint-Emilion.

293
Q

What marriage gave England reign over Aquitaine?

A

Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine and Count Henry Plantagenet. He later became King Henry II and Duke of Normandy. This established a strong maritime trade in Bordeaux wine and the region flourished. England used Bordeaux as its vineyards for church.

294
Q

How did France regain control of Bordeaux?

A

In the Battle of Castillon in 1453. King Edward III of England refused to pay personal homage to Philip de Valois, King of France, instigating the Hundred Year War.

295
Q

How did the Dutch get involved with Bordeaux?

A

After the Hundred Year War the Dutch mercantile empire, heavily maritime based, became very involved in Bordeaux. They sought white wine to distill into eau de vie and sweet wine for table. Bordeaux then shifted its focus to accommodate.

296
Q

How did the French Revolution affect Bordeaux?

A

Trade partners, frightened by the conflict avoided the port. Trade stopped, France was destabilized and restoration was slow. In the 1800s, railroads helped revive commerce by linking Bordeaux to French metropolitan centers.

297
Q

Talk about Pomerol.

A

Clay and sand over Crase de fer.
Min Alcohol: 11%.
Must Weight: 180 grams per liter 194 grams per liter for Merlot.
Max RS: 2 grams per liter.
Not released until November 15.
Yields: 49 hectoliters per hectare
AOC Established: 1936

298
Q

Talk about Lussac, Saint-Georges and Puisseguin-Saint-Emilion.

A

BDX red grapes with max 10% combined Carmenère and Petit Verdot.
Min Alcohol: 11%.
Must Weight: 180 grams per liter 194 grams per liter for Merlot.
Max RS: 3 grams per liter.
Released after April 15, march 15 for Saint-Georges.
Yields: 53 hectoliters per hectare.
AOC Established: 1936

299
Q

Talk about Montagne-Saint-Emilion.

A

BDX red grapes with max 10% combined Carmenère and Petit Verdot.
Assemblage: Min. 70% main grapes
Min Alcohol: 11%.
Must Weight: 180 grams per liter 194 grams per liter for Merlot.
Max RS: 3 grams per liter.
Not released until March 31.
Yields: 53 hectoliters per hectare
AOC Established: 1936.

300
Q

Talk about Lalande-de-Pomerol.

A

Red BDX grapes, Max 10% Carmenère and Petit Verdot.
Main grapes min 70%
Min Alcohol: 11%.
Must Weight: 180 grams per liter 194 grams per liter for Merlot.
Max RS: 2 grams per liter.
Released after March 31.
Yields: 53 hectoliters per hectare.
AOC Established: 1936

301
Q

Name the Primmer Grand Cru Classé A Chateaux of Saint-Émilion and their respective second labels from north to south.

A

Château Figeac, Petit-Figeac.
Chateau Pavie, Aromes de Pavie.

302
Q

What style of wine is produced in Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

Dry white in Entre-Deux-Mers.
Sweet white in Cadillac, Loupiac and Sainte-Croix-du-Mont.
Dry to sweet white in Côtes de Bordeaux Sainte-Macaire.
Red and dry to semi-sweet white in Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux and Graves de Vayres.

303
Q

What style of wine is produced in Graves?

A

Red, dry and sweet white in Graves.
Red and dry white in Pessac-Léognan.
Sweet white in Cérons, Barsac and Sauternes.

304
Q

Name the appellations within Haut-Médoc North to South and their soil composition.

A

Saint-Estèphe, gravel and clay.
Pauillac, deep gravel.
Saint-Julien, gravel with some clay and limestone subsoil.
Listrac-Médoc and Moulis-en-Médoc, gravel and limestone farther from the river.
Margaux, thin gravel over limestone.

305
Q

Name the appellations of the right bank and their soil composition west of Libourne.

A

Blaye - clay and limestone.
Côtes de Bourg - clay and limestone over porous stone.
Canon Fronsac and Fronsac - Alluvial, rocky clay and limestone with deep chalky and calcareous layers.

306
Q

Name the appellations of the right bank and their soil composition east of Libourne.

A

Pomerol - crasse de fer, clay and sand. Lalande-de-Pomerol - clay, gravel and sand. Saint-Emilion - clay, limestone and sand. Satellites of Saint-Emilion - clay and limestone. Castillon - clay with sedimentary rock known as molasses. Francs - clay and limestone.

307
Q

Which appellation contains the most classified growths?

A

Margaux has a larger number of classified growths than any other commune, 21, and includes one first growth, Château Margaux. Although Margaux’s second growths are often underperformers, the third growth Château Palmer is an excellent estate, commanding high prices.

308
Q

How many Châteaux were classified in 2022 for Cru Artisan?

A

33 châteaux was officially approved in 2023. The classification will be reviewed again in 2026.

309
Q

When were the Chateaux of Graves first classified?

A

The Chateaux of Graves were first classified in 1953 and then again in 1959. There are 16 Chateaux classified for their white wines, red wines or both and only one level: cru classé.

310
Q

Who is the producer of Crème de Tête?

A

Chateau Gilette. Planted to 90% Semillon, 8% Sauvignon Blanc and 2% Muscadelle. Located in the commune of Preignac. The walled-in vineyard has a terroir of gravel, sand, rock, limestone and clay based soils. The wines are aged in concrete vats.

311
Q

True or False: the Médoc receives more annual average rainfall than any other major French wine region.

A

True. Bordeaux receives 37 inches or 944 millimeters of rain per year. Irrigation is neither necessary nor allowed.

312
Q

Name 5 main chateaux from Pomerol north to south.

A

Chateau Clinet - second label Fleur de Clinet.
Chateau Lafleur - second label Pensées de Lafleur.
Chateau Pétrus.
Chateau Trotanoy - second label Espérance de Trotanoy.
Chateau Le Pin.

313
Q

Talk about Saint-Emilion Grand Cru.

A

Clay and limestone. All 6 red grapes but a max. 10% Petit Verdot. 11.5% minimum alcohol. Must Weight: 189 grams per liter, 194 grams per liter for Merlot.
Maximum RS: 3 grams per liter. Wines may not be released before May 15 of the second year following the harveSaint-Maximum Yields: 46 hectoliters per hectare
AOC Established: 1954.

314
Q

What is the synonym for Cabernet Franc in the Right Bank?

A

Bouchet

315
Q

Chateau Duhart-Milon.

A

Pauillac.
4th growth 1855.
3rd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Pontet-Canet.
North of Chateau Lynch-Bages.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Moulin de Duhart.

316
Q

Chateau Léoville Las Cases.

A

Saint-Julien.
2nd growth 1855.
2nd growth Liv-Ex.
North of Chateau Talbot.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon with good presence of Merlot.
Second label: Le Petit Lion du Marquis de Las Cases.

317
Q

What IGP encompasses Bordeaux and nearby regions?

A

Atlantique IGP, covering Bordeaux, Dordogne and Charentais

318
Q

True or False: Bordeaux is the largest AOC in France.

A

True. Bordeaux produces 25% of all French wine and by 2017 the total vineyard area encompassed nearly 300,000 acres (121,000ha). All styles of wine are produced with the exception of fortified.

319
Q

What are the only 2 communes permitted to produce wines under the Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP?

A

Néac and Lalande-de-Pomerol.

320
Q

Which decades are least likely to be considered great vintages in Bordeaux?

A

1970s and early 1990s
Safe for 1971, 1990, 1995, 1996

321
Q

What vintage marked the debut of Ygrec?

A
  1. Dry white wine first produced by Chateau d’Yquem from a 50/50 blend of Semillon and Sauvignon Blanc.
322
Q

What is Jalles?

A

A system of canals Dutch engineers built to drain the marshy lowlands of the Médoc in the mid-17th century.

323
Q

What is the most highly regarded vintage in the left bank of Bordeaux?

A

2015, 2010, 2005, 2000 and 2001, 1995 and 1996, 1989, 1986, 1982, 1961, 1959, 1949, 1945, 1929, and 1900. Pay special attention to 1945, 1961, 2005 and 2010.

324
Q

Talk about Bourg and Blaye.

A

Oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux brought by the Romans. Majority of Côtes de Bourg wines are red. Château Roc de Cambes is one of the leading lights of the appellation. Blaye AOP produces red wines and Côtes de Blaye AOP uses Ugni Blanc and Colombard in its dry whites.

325
Q

Talk about Fronsac.

A

Min 80% Cabernet Sauvignon, Franc, and Merlot. Accessory Varieties: Cot, max 10% Petit Verdot or Carmenère. At least 50% main varieties. 11% Min Alcohol. Must Weight: 180 grams per liter 198 grams per liter for Merlot. Max RS: 3 grams per liter. Released after September 1Saint-Yields: 53hectoliters per hectare. AOC: 1937; renamed in 1976.

326
Q

What wines may be produced in Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux AOP?

A

Dry reds produced mostly from Merlot with some Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon.

327
Q

Talk about Saint-Estèphe.

A

Full body reds with higher percentage of Merlot. Gravel and clay. 11% potential alcohol. Must Weight: 180 grams per liter, 189 grams per liter for Merlot. Maximum RS: 2 grams per liter. The wines may not be released before June 15 of the year following the harveSaint-Maximum Yields: 57 hectoliters per hectare. AOC Established: 1936

328
Q

Talk about Canon-Fronsac.

A

Min. 80% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Franc, and Merlot
Accessory Varieties: Cot, max 10% Carmenère or Petit Verdot. 11% Min Alcohol. Must Weight: 180 grams per liter 198 grams per liter for Merlot. Not released until September 1. Max RS: 3 grams per liter. Yields: 53 hectoliters per hectare. AOC Established: 1939; renamed in 1964.

329
Q

Chateau Cos Labory.

A

Saint-Estèphe.
5th growth 1855.
No Liv-Ex classification.
North of Chateau Lafon-Rochet.
South of Chateau Montrose.
Next door to Chateau Cos d’Estournel.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Charme de Cos Labory.

330
Q

Chateau Montrose.

A

Sainte-Estèphe.
2nd growth 1855.
2nd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Calon-Segur.
North of Chateau Cos d’Estournel.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: La Dame du Montrose.

331
Q

Chateau Cos d’Estournel.

A

Saint-Estèphe.
2nd growth 1855.
2nd growth Liv-Ex.
North of Chateau Lafon-Rochet.
South of Chateau Montrose.
Next door to Chateau Cos Labory.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Pagodes de Cos

332
Q

Chateau Calon-Ségur.

A

Saint-Estèphe.
3rd growth 1855.
3rd growth Liv-Ex.
Northernmost classified chateau in Saint-Estèphe.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Le Marquis de Calon-Ségur.

333
Q

Chateau Lafon-Rochet

A

Saint-Estèphe.
4th growth 1855.
5th growth Liv-Ex.
Southernmost classified chateau of Saint-Estèphe.
Predominantly Merlot until 2007, then Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Les Pèlerins de Lafon-Rochet.

334
Q

Talk about Pauillac.

A

Deep gravel topsoil. 11% minimum alcohol. Must Weight: 180 grams per liter, 189 grams per liter for Merlot. Maximum RS: 2 grams per liter. Released after June 15 of the year following the harvest. Maximum Yields: 57 hectoliters per hectare. AOC Established: 1936. Powerful and long-lived.

335
Q

Chateau Lafite-Rothschild.

A

Pauillac.
North of Chateau Mouton-Rothschild.
The 1994 vintage 99% Cabernet Sauvignon and 1% Petit Verdot, and the 1961 vintage 100% Cabernet Sauvignon. Otherwise, predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon with 20-30% Merlot.
Second label: Carruades de Lafite.

336
Q

Chateau Mouton-Rothschild.

A

Pauillac.
South of Chateau Lafite-Rothschild.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Le Petit Mouton de Mouton-Rothschild.

337
Q

Chateau Latour.

A

Pauillac.
South of Chateau Lynch-Bages.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Les Fortes de Latour.

338
Q

Chateau Lynch-Bages.

A

Pauillac.
5th growth 1855.
2nd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Duhart-Milon.
North of Chateau Latour.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Echo de Lynch-Bages.

339
Q

Chateau Pontet-Canet.

A

Pauillac.
5th growth 1855.
2nd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Mouton-Rothschild.
North of Chateau Duhart-Milon
Only classified chateau to be certified biodynamic in 2010.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon with 30% Merlot.
Second label: Hauts de Pontet-Canet

340
Q

Chateau Talbot.

A

Saint-Julien.
4th growth 1855
3rd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Léoville Las Cases. North of Léoville-Barton.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon with high amounts of Merlot and good presence of Petit Verdot.
Second label: Connétable de Talbot.

341
Q

Chateau Léoville-Barton.

A

Saint-Julien.
2nd growth 1855.
2nd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Talbot.
North of Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Réserve Léoville-Barton.

342
Q

Chateau Ducru-Beacaillou

A

Saint-Julien.
2nd growth 1855.
2nd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Léoville-Barton.
North of Chateau Branaire-Ducru.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: La Croix du Beaucaillou.

343
Q

Chateau Branaire-Ducru.

A

Saint-Julien.
4th growth 1855.
4th growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Duluc du Branaire.

344
Q

Chateau Margaux

A

Margaux.
North of Chateau Lascombes.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Pavillon Rouge du Chateau Margaux

345
Q

Chateau Lascombes.

A

Margaux.
2nd growth 1855.
3rd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Margaux.
North of Chateau Palmer.
Great balance between Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Chevalier de Lascombes.

346
Q

Chateau Haut-Brion.

A

Pessac-Léognan.
North of Chateau La Mission Haut-Brion.
Great balance between Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon, with a majority Merlot.
Second label: Le Clarence de Haut-Brion for red and La Clarté de Haut-Brion for white.

347
Q

Chateau La Mission Haut-Brion.

A

Pessac-Léognan.
Cru Classé de Graves 1959.
1st growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Haut-Brion.
North of Chateau Pape-Clément.
Great balance between Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon, with a majority Merlot.
Second label: La Chapelle de La Mission Haut-Brion.

348
Q

Chateau Pape Clement.

A

Pessac-Léognan.
Cru Classé de Graves 1959.
2nd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau La Mission Haut-Brion.
North of Chateau Smith-Haut-Lafitte.
First vineyard in Graves in 1305.
Great balance between Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon.
Second label: Le Clémentin du Pape Clément, Le Prélat du Pape Clément.

349
Q

Chateau Smith-Haut-Lafitte.

A

Pessac-Léognan.
Cru Classé de Graves 1959.
2nd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Pape Clément.
North of Domaine de Chevalier.
Approx 50% Cabernet Sauvignon with high amounts of Merlot.
Second label: Les Hauts de Smith

350
Q

Domaine de Chevalier.

A

Pessac-Léognan.
Cru Classé de Graves 1959.
3rd growth Liv-Ex.
South of Chateau Smith-Haut-Lafitte.
Predominantly Cabernet Sauvignon with high amounts of Merlot.
Second label: L’Espirit de Chevalier.

351
Q

Talk about Saint-Julien.

A

Gravel with some clay and a limestone subsoil. 11% minimum alcohol. Must Weight: 180 grams per liter, 189 grams per liter for Merlot. Maximum RS: 2 grams per liter. Wines may not be released before June 15 of the year following the harveSaint-Maximum Yields: 57 hectoliters per hectare.
AOC Established: 1936. Elegant style.

352
Q

Talk about Margaux.

A

Sandy gravel over limestone. 11% minimum alcohol. Must Weight: 180 grams per liter, 189 grams per liter for Merlot. Maximum RS: 2 grams per liter. The wines must be aged until June 1st and not released until September 1st of the year following the harveSaint-Maximum Yields: 57 hectoliters per hectare. AOC Established: 1954.

353
Q

Talk about Listrac-Médoc.

A

Gravel over limestone. 11% min. alcohol. Must Weight: 180 g/L, 189 g/L for Merlot. Max. RS: 3 g/L. Wines may not be released until September 15 of the year following the harvest. Max. Yields: 57 hectoliters per hectare. AOC Established: 1957

354
Q

Talk about Moulis-en-Médoc.

A

Gravel over limestone. 11% min. alcohol. Must Weight: 180 g/L, 189 g/L for Merlot. Maximum RS: 2 grams per liter. Wines may not be released until June 15 of the year following the harvest. Max. Yields: 57 hectoliters per hectare. AOC Established: 1938. Château Chasse-Spleen in Moulis is the most famous estate.

355
Q

Talk about Graves.

A

Boulbenes soil. 2/3 dry red wines. Min. Alcohol: White: 10.5%. Red: 11%. Must Weight: White: 170 g/L 178 g/L for Sauv. Blanc and Gris. Red: 180 g/L 189 g/L for Merlot. Max. RS: White: 4 g/L. Red: 3 g/L. Yields: Blanc: 58 hectoliters per hectare. Rouge: 55 hectoliters per hectare. AOC Established: 1937

356
Q

Talk about Pessac-Léognan.

A

Min. Alcohol: 11%. Must Weight: White: 178 grams per liter 187 grams per liter for Sauv Blanc and Gris. Red: 180 grams per liter 189 grams per liter for Merlot. Max. RS: White: 4 grams per liter. Red: 2 grams per liter. Released after March 30 for whites and October 1 for reds. Yields: 54 hectoliters per hectare. AOC: 1987

357
Q

Name the appellations of Entre-Deux-Mers, their soil composition and wines.

A

Cadillac, sand and gravel, sweet whites.
Loupiac and Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, clay and limestone, sweet whites.
Saint-Macaire, clay and limestone, dry to sweet whites.
Saint-Foy, clay and limestone, red and dry to semi-sweet whites.
Graves de Vayres, gravel, red and dry to semi-sweet whites.

358
Q

What soil type is predominant in Bordeaux?

A

Gravel in the left bank and Entre-Deux-Mers, and clay in the right bank. In Graves, the soil is similar to the Médoc but becomes sandier toward the south. This mixture of sand, gravel and light clay is known as boulbenes.

359
Q

How is red Bordeaux produced and aged?

A

Grapes are fermented separately, as well as younger and older vines. It runs for 8-10 days but maceration can run from 15 days or longer. After malo, the cellar master will taste and blend, during which the wine is kept in oak barrels, then after bottled they may be cellared before release.

360
Q

How is dry white Bordeaux produced?

A

Most dry white Bordeaux is fermented in stainless steal to preserve fresh fruit aromas and flavors. Most do not use oak or malo-lactic. The addition of Semillon will determine the style of the finish wine. Top Chateaux will age their dry white wines in new oak up between 1 year and 16 months.

361
Q

How are botrytis wines produced?

A

Produced from Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle, affected by Botrytis, which heightens acidity, sugar and glycerol by dehydrating the grapes. Intense spicy complexity, with notes of orange, ginger, honey, saffron and dried fruit. Top chateaux use oak up to 5 years.

362
Q

What makes Sauternes special?

A

Sauternes lies at the union of the Ciron and Garonne, where in special conditions, the cool myst from the Ciron meet the waters from the Garonne providing the perfect environment for Botrytis.

363
Q

In what years d’Yquem was not produced?

A

10 times since the 1900. 2012, 1992, 1974, 1972, 1964, 1952, 1951, 1930, 1915 and 1910.

364
Q

Talk about Sauternes and Barsac.

A

Gravel and clay. Min Alcohol: 12-15%. Must Weight: 221 grams per liter. Min RS: 45 grams per liter. Botrytis-affected grapes must be hand-harvested in successive tries. The wines may not be released until June 30 of the year following the harveSaint-Yield: 25 hectoliters per hectare. AOC Established: 1936

365
Q

How does Cérons differ from Sauternes and Barsac?

A

Cérons has a higher yield of 40hectoliters per hectare, grapes may be affected by botrytis and/or passerillage, and wines may be released after April 30 of the year following the harvest.

366
Q

What is the 1855 classification?

A

Commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III to rank the top properties of Bordeaux by price prior to international exposure at the Universal Exposition. All of the properties classified for red wine were left bank châteaux, categorized into first through fifth growths.

367
Q

How is the 1855 classification relevant today?

A

While proponents suggest a self fulfilling prophecy, critics argue that it is outdated, and that some châteaux perform over or under their assigned station. The only significant change occurred in 1973 as Château Mouton-Rothschild was elevated from second growth to first.

368
Q

What is the Liv-Ex?

A

The London International Vintners Exchange It is a London based classification based on current trading prices in the exchange. It started with Bordeaux only but now it rates wines of the world.

369
Q

What grape varietals are used in Bordeaux?

A

Carmenère, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Malbec and Petit Verdot for reds.
Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Semillon and Muscadelle for whites.
Merlot Blanc, Ugni Blanc and Colombard can be used up to 30%.

370
Q

What factors influence the red Bordeaux plantings?

A

Merlot ripens earlier and can benefit from cold clay soils.
Cabernet Sauvignon ripens late and can benefit from warm gravelly soils with good drainage.
Cabernet Franc can benefit from cold limestone soils promoting freshness and acidity.

371
Q

How does each varietal affect the blend in the red wines of Bordeaux?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon adds structure, power and longevity.
Merlot adds a fleshy, juicy texture.
Cabernet Franc adds herbal spice and red fruit aromas.
Petit Verdot adds color, depth and exotic perfume.
Carmenère adds green pepper, however, it is nearly extinct.
Malbec is similar to Merlot.

372
Q

How does each varietal affect the blend in the white wines of Bordeaux?

A

Sauvignon Blanc offers pungency, high acidity, and citrus flavors.
Sémillon adds waxy texture, honey and beeswax.
Muscadelle can be added in small amounts to offer floral character.

373
Q

What is En Primeur practice?

A

En Primeur is the practice of courtiers buying wines before bottling at a significantly lower price than after being bottled. It is often seen as a gamble since the wine price can fluctuate depending on many factors such as overall quality, age-worthiness, or the economy.

374
Q

What are the specific climatic influences in Bordeaux and how does each affect the region?

A

Near latitude 45, Bordeaux is maritime with continental influences towards Saint-Émilion and Pomerol.
The Bay of Biscay brings warmth from the Gulf Stream.
The Landes forest blocks ocean winds, storms and sand dunes.
The Gironde Estuary helps keep temperatures constant and moderate.

375
Q

How are the seasons in Bordeaux?

A

Springs are wet and often frosty.
Summers are warm and sunny, however often overcast.
Autumns are variable. Humidity can bring rot.
Winters are moderate but freeze is possible. The winter freeze of 1956 devastated the Malbec plantings and were never replanted.

376
Q

Why are vintages so important in Bordeaux?

A

The Bordeaux climate is varied enough to produce wide vintage variation in the finished wines. Therefore, careful knowledge of the overall qualities of Bordeaux vintages is required for the sommelier to be a successful salesman of Bordeaux wines.

377
Q

What is a synonym for Malbec in the Rive Droite?

A

Pressac or Noir de Pressac. Also Côt.

378
Q

What are the newest grapes added to the Bordeaux AOC encépagement?

A

in 2019 seven new grapes were added to be used in Bordeaux blends due to climate change.
Reds.
Touriga Nacional.
Arinarnoa.
Castets.
Marselan.
Whites.
Albariño.
Petit Manseng.
Liliorila.

379
Q

What is Cru Artisan?

A

Cru Artisan is a designation given to 36 small Bordeaux producers throughout the Medoc. It denotes a producers that is an exceptional steward of the land and craft of wine making. Updates come every 5 years.

380
Q

What is Cru Bourgeois?

A

Originally introduced in 1932, it divided chateaux in 3 levels: Exceptionnel, Supérieur and Cru Bourgeois. Not official until 2003. After legal battles nullified it, it was reinstated in 2008 without the top levels. Starting in 2018, châteaux may apply for all levels again. Revised every 5 years.

381
Q

Château Filhot

A

Sauternes.
2nd growth 1855.
South of Chateau Rieussec.
No second label.

382
Q

Château Rieussec.

A

Fargues.
1st growth 1855.
South of Chateau La Tour Blanche.
North of Chateau Filhot.
Second label: Carmes de Rieussec, Clos Labère

383
Q

Château La Tour Blanche.

A

Bommes.
1st growth 1855.
South of Chateau de Malle.
North of Chateau Rieussec.
Second label: Les Charmilles de La Tour Blanche.

384
Q

Château de Malle.

A

Preignac.
2nd growth 1855.
South of Chateau de Myrat.
North of Chateau La Tour Blanche.
Second label: Chateau de Sainte-Hélène.

385
Q

Chateau de Myrat.

A

Barsac.
2nd growth 1855.
North of Chateau de Malle.
No second label.

386
Q

Chateau Roc de Combes

A

Côtes de Bourg.
Predominantly Merlot.
Finest Chateau in the appellation.

387
Q

Which Right Bank producer includes a substantial amount of Cabernet Sauvignon in their encépagement?

A

Chateau Figeac.

388
Q

From 1970-1975 the French government banned new plantings in Bordeaux of which major red grape?

A

Merlot experienced a devastating frost and battled diseases in the 1950s and 1960s. This led to a Merlot ban that lasted 5 years, from 1970 to 1975

389
Q

Which estate encouraged the transition to estate bottling in Bordeaux in the 1920s?

A

Chateau Mouton Rothschild.

390
Q

In what century did Malbec first appear in Bordeaux?

A

18th Century.

391
Q

Name 5 classified chateaux from each Sauternes village from north to south.

A

Barsac: Chateau Coutet, Climens, Myrat
Preignac: Chateau Suduiraut, Malle
Bommes: Chateau La Tour Blanche, Sigalas-Rabaud
Fargues: Chateau Rieussec, Romer
Sauternes: Chateau d’Yquem, Filhot, Lamothe

392
Q

Name a champagne bottling of 100% Meunier

A

Egly-Ouriet Les Vignes de Vrigny

393
Q

Name the Premier Crus of Bordeaux with their second Label and white wine from north to south

A

Lafite-Rothschild, Carruades de Lafite
Mouton-Rothschild, Le petit-Mouton, Aile d’Argent
Latour, Le Forts de Latour
Margaux, Pavillon Rouge, Pavillon Blanc
Haut-Brion, Le Clarence de Haut-Brion, Haut-Brion Blanc

394
Q

Name the Deuxième Crus of Bordeaux from north to south

A

Montrose, Saint-Estèphe
Cos d’Estournel, Saint-Estèphe
Pichon Longueville Baron, Pauillac
Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac
Léoville-Las Cases, Saint-Julien
Léoville-Poyferré, Saint-Julien
Léoville Barton, Saint-Julien
Ducru-Beaucaillou, Saint-Julien
Gruaud-Larose, Saint-Julien
Lascombes, Margaux (Margaux)
Durfort-Vivens, Margaux(Margaux)
Rauzan-Ségla, Margaux(Margaux)
Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux(Margaux)
Brane-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)

395
Q

Name the Troisième Crus of Bordeaux from north to south

A

Calon-Ségur, Saint-Estèphe
Langoa Barton, Saint-Julien
Lagrange, Saint-Julien
Ferrière, Margaux (Margaux)
Marquis d’Alesme Becker, Margaux (Margaux)
Malescot-Saint-Exupéry, Margaux(Margaux)
Palmer, Margaux (Cantenac) d’Issan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Desmirail, Margaux (Cantenac)
Cantenac-Brown, Margaux (Cantenac)
Kirwan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Boyd-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)
Giscours, Margaux (Labarde)
La Lagune, Haut-Medoc (Ludon)

396
Q

Name the Quatrième Crus of Bordeaux from north to south

A

Lafon-Rochet, Saint-Estèphe
Duhart-Milon-Rothschild, Pauillac
Beychevelle, Saint-Julien
Talbot, Saint-Julien
La Tour Carnet, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Saint-Pierre, Saint-Julien
Branaire-Ducru, Saint-Julien
Marquis de Terme, Margaux (Margaux)
Prieuré-Lichine, Margaux (Cantenac)
Pouget, Margaux (Cantenac)

397
Q

Name the Cinquième Crus of Bordeaux from north to south

A

Cos Labory, Saint-Estèphe
Clerc-Milon, Pauillac
Pédesclaux, Pauillac
d’Armailhac, Pauillac
Pontet-Canet, Pauillac
Grand-Puy-Ducasse, Pauillac
Lynch-Bages, Pauillac
Croizet Bages, Pauillac
Grand-Puy-Lacoste, Pauillac
Lynch-Moussas, Pauillac
Haut-Bages-Libéral, Pauillac
Batailley, Pauillac
Haut-Batailley, Pauillac
Belgrave, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
de Camensac, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Dauzac, Margaux (Labarde)
du Tertre, Margaux (Arsac)
Cantemerle, Haut-Médoc (Macau)

398
Q

What estate was known asMouton-Baronne-Philippe from 1933-1988.

A

Originally Château Mouton d’Armailhac, it is now Château d’Armailhac, in Pauillac

399
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Cos d’Estournel

A

Saint-Estèphe, Les Pagodes de Cos

400
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Montrose

A

Saint-Estèphe, La Dame de Montrose

401
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Calon-Ségur

A

Saint-Estèphe, Le Marquis de Calon-Ségur

402
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Lafon-Rochet

A

Saint-Estèphe, Les Pélerins de Lafon-Rochet

403
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Cos Labory

A

Saint-Estèphe, Le Saint Estèphe de Cos Labory (since 2011, previously Charme de Cos Labory)

404
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville

A

Pauillac, Les Griffons de Pichon Baron

405
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Pichon-Longueville Comtesse de Lalande

A

Pauillac, Pichon Comtesse Réserve (renamed in 2017 previouslyRéservede la Comtesse)

406
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Duhart-Milon

A

Pauillac, Moulin de Duhart

407
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Batailley

A

Pauillac, Lions de Batailley

408
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Clerc-Milon

A

Pauillac, Pastourelle de Clerc-Milon

409
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Croizet-Bages

A

Pauillac, Alias Croizet-Bages

410
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Grand-Puy-Ducasse

A

Pauillac, Prélude a Grand Puy Ducasse

411
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Grand-Puy-Lacoste

A

Pauillac, Lacoste Borie

412
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Haut-Bages-Libéral

A

Pauillac, La Chapelle de Bages/La Fleur de Haut-Bages-Libéral/La Pauillac de Haut-Bages Libéral (The same wine is bottled as three different labels)

413
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Haut-Batailley

A

Pauillac, Verso

414
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Lynch-Bages

A

Pauillac, Echo de Lynch Bages

415
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Lynch-Moussas

A

Pauillac, Les Hauts de Lynch Moussas

416
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Pédesclaux

A

Pauillac, Fleur de Pédesclaux

417
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Pontet-Canet

A

Pauillac, Les Hauts de Pontet-Canet, though As of 2023, the cháteau does not produce a 2nd wine

418
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Ducru-Beaucaillou

A

Saint-Julien, La Croix Ducru-Beaucaillou

419
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Gruaud-Larose

A

Saint-Julien, Sarget de Gruaud-Larose

420
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Léoville-Barton

A

Saint-Julien, Réserve Léoville-Barton

421
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Léoville Las Cases

A

Saint-Julien, Le Petit Lion du Marquis de Las Cases

422
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Poyferré

A

Saint-Julien, Pavillon de Poyferré

423
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Lagrange

A

Saint-Julien, Les Fiefs de Lagrange

424
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Beychevelle

A

Saint-Julien, Amiral de Beychevelle

425
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Branaire-Drucru

A

Saint-Julien, Duluc du Branaire-Ducru

426
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Saint-Pierre

A

Saint-Julien, Espirit de Saint-Pierre

427
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Talbot

A

Saint-Julien, Connétable Talbot

428
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Lafite-Rothschild, Pauillac, Premier Grand Cru Classé

429
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Latour, Pauillac, Premier Grand Cru Classé

430
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Margaux, Margaux, Premier Grand Cru Classé

431
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Haut-Brion, Graves, Premier Grand Cru Classé and Cru Classé de Graves

432
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Montrose, Saint-Estèphe, Second Growth

433
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Cos d’Estournel, Saint-Estèphe, Second Growth

434
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Pichon-Longueville Baron, Pauillac, Second Growth

435
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Pichon-Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac, Second Growth

436
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Léoville-Las-Cases, Saint-Julien, Second Growth

437
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Léoville-Poyferré, Saint-Julien, Second Growth

438
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Léoville-Barton, Saint-Julien, Second Growth

439
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou, Saint-Julien, Second Growth

440
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Lascombes, Margaux, Second Growth

441
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Gruaud-Larose, Saint-Julien, Second Growth

442
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Dufort-Vivens, Margaux, Second Growth

443
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Rauzan-Segla, Margaux, Second Growth

444
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux, Second Growth

445
Q

Name the chateau, location and classification in the picture

A

Chateau Brane-Cantenac, Margaux, Second Growth

446
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Margaux

A

Margaux, Pavillon Rouge

447
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Brane-Cantenac

A

Margaux, Baron de Brane

448
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Durfort-Vivens

A

Margaux, Vivens Rouge, Relais de Durfort
Vivens

449
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Lascombes

A

Margaux, Chevalier de Lascombes

450
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Rauzan-Gassies

A

Margaux, Gassies (as of 2009 vintage, previouslyChevalier de Rauzan-Gassies)

451
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Rauzan-Ségla

A

Margaux, Ségla

452
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Boyd-Cantenac

A

Margaux, Jacques Boyd/Josephine de Boyd/La Crois de Boyd (label dependant on importer)

453
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Cantenac Brown

A

Margaux, Brio de Cantenac-Brown

454
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Desmirail

A

Margaux, Château Fontarney (French market),
Initial de Desmirail (export)

455
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Ferrière

A

Margaux, Les Remparts de Ferriére/Le Damede Ferriére

456
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Giscours

A

Margaux, La Sirène de Giscours

457
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château d’Issan

A

Margaux, Blason d’Issan

458
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Kirwan

A

Margaux, Les Charmes de Kirwan

459
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Malescot-St-Exupéry

A

Margaux, La Dame de Malescot

460
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Palmer

A

Margaux, Alter Ego

461
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Marquis de Terme

A

Margaux, Cuvée 1762 (2018-present). Previously,La Couronne de Marquis de Terme (2008-2018),Les Gondats de Marquis de Terme (Until 2008)

462
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Pouget

A

Margaux, Antoine Pouget

463
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Prieuré-Lichine

A

Margaux, Confidences de Prieuré-Lichine(as of 2008 vintage, previouslyChâteau de Clairefont)

464
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Dauzac

A

Margaux, Aurore De Dauzac

465
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château du Tertre

A

Margaux, Les Hauts du Tertre

466
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château La Lagune

A

Haut-Médoc, Moulin de la Lagune

467
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château La Tour Carnet

A

Haut-Médoc, Les Pensée deLa Tour Carnet (Since 2014, Previoslydouves de Carnet)

468
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Belgrave

A

Haut-Médoc, Diane de Belgrave

469
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Camensac

A

Haut-Médoc, La Closerie de Camensac

470
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Cantemerle

A

Haut-Médoc, Les Allées des Cantemerle

471
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Sociando-Mallet

A

Haut-Médoc, La Demoiselle de Sociando-Mallet
Jean Gautreau (Barrel Selection)

472
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Bouscaut

A

Cadaujac, Les Chênes de Bouscaut

473
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Carbonnieux

A

Leognan, La Croix de Carbonnieux
Château La Tour Léognan

474
Q

Commune and Second Label of Domaine de Chevalier

A

Leognan, L’Esprit de Chevalier

475
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Couhins

A

Villenave d’Ornon, Couhins la Gravette/La Dame de Couhins/Le Moulin de Couhins

476
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château de Fieuzal

A

Leognan, L’Abeille de Fieuzal

477
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Haut-Bailly

A

Leognan, Haut Bailly II (Le Parde de Haut-Bailly until 2017 vintage)

478
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Haut-Brion

A

Pessac, red: Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
(as of 2007, previouslyChâteau Bahans Haut-Brion)
white: La Clarté de Haut-Brion (as of 2009 vintage)

479
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Latour-Martillac

A

Martillac, Lagrave-Martillac

480
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Malartic-Lagravière

A

Leognan, Le Comte de Malartic (called La Réserve de Malartic until 2019, formerly Sillage de Malartic)

481
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château La Mission Haut-Brion

A

Talence, La Chapelle de la Mission Haut-Brion

482
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Olivier

A

Leognan, Le Dauphin d’Olivier/La Seigneurerie d’Olivier

483
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Pape-Clément

A

Pessac, Le Clémentin du Pape-Clément

484
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Smith-Haut-Lafitte

A

Martillac, Le Petit Haut Lafitte

485
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château d’Yquem

A

Sauternes, Y’grec

486
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Climens

A

Barsac, Cyprés de Climens

487
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Clos Haut-Peyraguey

A

Bommes, Symphonie deChâteau Clos Haut-Peyraguey

488
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Coutet

A

Barsac, Chartreuse de Coutet

489
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Guiraud

A

Sauternes, Petite Guiraud (as of the 2009 vintage, previously Le Dauphin de Château Guiraud)

490
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Lafaurie-Peyraguey

A

Bommes, La Chapelle de Lafaurie

491
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Rabaud-Promis

A

Bommes, Promesse de Rabaud-Promis

492
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château de Rayne-Vigneau

A

Bommes, Madame de Rayne

493
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Rieussec

A

Fargues, Carmes de Rieussec

494
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Sigalas-Rabaud

A

Bommes, Lieutenant de Sigalas (formerlyCadet de Sigalas)

495
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Suduiraut

A

Preignac, Castelnau de Suduiraut
Lions de Suduiraut (3rd Wine)

496
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château La Tour-Blanche

A

Bommes, Les Charmilles de La Tour-Blanche
Brumes de La Tour-Blanche

497
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château d’Arche

A

Sauternes, La Perle d’Arche

498
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Broustet

A

Barsac, Les Charmes deChâteau Broustet

499
Q

Commune and Second Label of Château Caillou

A

Barsac, Les Erables du Caillou
Les Tourelles de Caillou (3rd wine)

500
Q

What are the grapes for Retsina?

A

To be labeled Retsina, the wine must be produced exclusively from the Savatiano and Roditis varieties.

Advanced Sommelier Exam (3 decks)

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