50 Mulitple Choice Questions Flashcards
Which city played a key role in the trade between Europe and the Near East?
Venice
Medieval Europe was a feudal society that had a(n) ______.
Agricultural economy and was dominated by the church
Which city had uninterrupted trade with the Near East throughout the Middle Ages?
Pisa
Which social category comprised Florence’s popolo grosso in the Renaissance?
Capitalists and bankers
What occurred in 1378 as a result of the unbearable conditions for those at the bottom of society and the disruption caused by the Black Death?
Chomping Revolt
Cosimo de’ Medici brought stability to which city after his rise to power in 1434?
Florence
The humanists were _____
Orators and poets
Who was known as the “father of humanism”?
Francesco Petrarch
What was the most important intellectual recovery made during the Italian Renaissance?
Greek Studies
The great masters o the High Renaissance were _______.
Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
Wh is considered the “father of Renaissance painting”?
Giotto
Whose most famous painting is the Mona Lisa?
Leonardo da Vinci
In 1500, the title “duke of Romagna” was given to _____.
Cesare Borgia
The term “Machiavellian” has become synonymous with ______.
Ruthless political expediency
The Habsburg-Valois wars were fought between France and _____.
Spain
A new alliance between monarchs and ______ helped break the bonds of feudal society.
Townspeople
King Louis XI shared conquered Burgundian lands with _______.
Habsburg Emperor Maximillian I
Who sponsored Genoese adventurer Christopher Columbus?
Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain
One way in high the northern humanist Desiderius Erasmus gained fame as a religious reformer was by _______.
Editing the works of the Church Fathers
Humanism prepared the way for the Protestant reforms in which three countries?
England, France, and Germany
What English humanist wrote the famous book called Utopia?
Thomas More
Columbus thought his first landfall was _____.
japan
By the time of the Spanish conquest, the Aztecs ruled almost of ______.
Central Mexico
_______ was by far the most effective and outspoken critic of the Spanish conquerors.
Barolomé de Las Casas
The ______ of the West Indies and Brazil became the major center for black slavery in the mid-sixteenth century.
Sugar plantations
Endemic warfare between the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor _______.
Assisted the growth of Italian city-states
Social strife and competition for political power became so intense within the cities that most evolved into _______.
Despotisms
The _____ greatly helped reduce the need too go to war and allowed increased control over the enemy.
Art of diplomacy
Along with his rigorous teachings of ancient languages, humanist Vittorino da Feltre included _______ as part of his daily educational instructions.
Physical exercise and games
How did Valla become a hero to Protestant reformers?
His defense of predestination against the advocate of free will
Which of the following ideas was held to be true in both Renaissance Italy and in Reformation Europe?
The interests of laity are no longer subordinate to clergy
Medieval art tended to be abstract and formulaic, whereas Renaissance art showed______.
The natural world and human emotions
A style of art called “mannerism” allowed the artist to include _________ in his or her work.
The strange and the abnormal
What did the political alliance known as the Treaty of Lodi accomplish?
Brough Milan and Naples into an alliance with Florence.
How did the Dominican preacher Girolamo Savonarola convince the Florentines to allow King Charles VIII of France to enter Florence without resistance?
He told them that the king’s arrival was divine vengeance on their immorality
What caused the Florentines to finally execute Savonarola in 1498?
They tired of his puritanical tyranny
What did Pope Alexander VI hope to gain by securing a friendship with the French king?
Control over regions in Italy
Which of the following expresses a viewpoint held by Machiavelli?
Italian political unity and independence were ends that justified any means.
The primary reason monarchs sought out new sources of income in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was due to the _______.
growing cost of warfare
The monarchy of Ferdinand and Isabella in Spain was an example of the emergence of _______in the 1400s.
Despotism
What caused the secure government of France created by Louis XI to become a defeated nation under his successors?
Bad foreign policy
The Inquisition was a key national agency established in 1479 for the purpose of ________.
monitoring the activity of convertedJews and Muslims in Spain
During an assembly in Worms in 1495, Emperor Maximilian allowed the members to create ________.
a Supreme Court of Justice
The Brothers of the Common Life, an influential lay religious movement, eliminated what requirements from the religious life of men and women?
Vows of covertly, chastity, and obedience
Who was a close friend of Erasmus?
Thomas More
Why did German humanists rush to Reuchlin’s defense when Pfefferkorn attacked Reuchlin for being a Jew?
To promote academic freedom and good scholarship
The Portuguese exploration of the African coast started out as a search for gold and slaves, but by century’s end it had established ________.
a sea route around Africa to Asia’s spice market
What was the primary reason Spanish explorers sailed the Atlantic Ocean?
To find a shorter route to the East Indies
European voyages of discovery and conquest provided several profound biological impacts on Native Americans, including the _______.
spread of measles and smallpox
What argument about Native Americans caused tension between the mendicant friars and Spanish conquerors?
The need to conquer Native Americans to convert them
