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Greek Art & Architecture > 5 Ws + Descriptions of Places/Artefacts (Test 1) > Flashcards

5 Ws + Descriptions of Places/Artefacts (Test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Marine Style Stirrup Jar (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Minoan jar, Octopus themed

Where: From Palaikastro, Phaisto, Poros (Various sites across the Crete world), currently housed in the Iraklion Museum in Crete

When: LM 1B (1600 - 1470 BCE)

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2
Q

Snake Goddesses or Attendants (Faience Statuettes) (Who, Where, When)

A

Who: Snake Goddess statue of the Minoan people; a number of these figurines was found by Sir Arthur Evans

Where: Knossos, (Temple Repositories)

When: MM III (1750 - 1650 BCE)

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3
Q

Toreador Fresco (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Minonan

Where: Knossos - Court of the Stone Spout

When: LM IA (1675 - 1550 BCE)

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4
Q

Acrobat or Bull Leaper (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Statues; Minoan

Where: Knossos

When: MM III (1750 - 1650 BCE)

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5
Q

Ladies in Blue Fresco (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Minoan

Where: Knossos

When: MM IIIB/LM IA (1750 - 1550 BCE)

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6
Q

The Grandstand Fresco (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Minoan

Where: Fresca Atlas, Knossos

When: MM IIIB/LM IA (1700-1550 BCE)

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7
Q

Marine Style Stirrup Jar (What)

A
  • Jar, with open top (rounded sides)
  • Decorated with naturalistic themes and patterns (flowers, corals, animals, etc)
  • Design takes up entire job, very minimal background
  • Octopus appears as though it is floating; representing where it comes from
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8
Q

Marine Style Stirrup Jar (Why)

A
  • Naturalistic themes
  • Connection with sea – thalassocracy
  • Position on the island
  • Freedom in Minoan civilization; the position of the Octopus, the fact that it is free and floating indicates a focus on freedom
  • The animal exists without being attacked by humans (no indication of violence)
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9
Q

Snake Goddess/Attendant Figurines (What)

A

Basic
- Small statuettes (small in scale, perhaps around 30 cm or so, one larger than the other), female presenting, made of faience
Position
- Hands/arms extended, standing, looks as though the figurine can stare directly into eyes
Appearance
- They do not look friendly, almost serious (gaze theory)
Clothing
- Flounced skirt that falls to the ground, exposed breasts, belt around the small waist (corset-type thing), sleeves on the arms, headdresses (taller one has a cylindrical-kind of headdress, shorter one has an animal (cat?) sitting on top of it), snakes crawling around the arms, peering over the shoulder (one of them holds the snakes).

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10
Q

Snake Goddess/Attendant Figurines (Why)

A
  • Restates themes of fertility (island living = need for abundance in life)
  • Snake = shedding of skin, revitalizing, renewing, beginning again (fertility)
  • Emphasis on the importance of harvest
  • The role of women in Minoan society (Athena is associated with snakes; and so people think of this goddess as a precursor to Athena)
  • Chance that Minoan people lived in a kind of matriarchal society?
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11
Q

Toreador Fresco (What)

A
  • Fresco with three people (two people on either side (lighter colours), one person (darker), jumping over the bull)
  • Background is bare; much is lost to the test of time
  • Pattern around the boarder
  • A bull (large, head down – charging in what is called ‘the flying gallop’)
  • Idea that there is simultaneous action happening (one person catching? One person holding the bull? Another person leaping?)
  • Loin cloth, curly hair (both are common to young people/men); athletic build, yet lean & skinny
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12
Q

Toreador Fresco (Why)

A
  • The different colours could be status related rather than gender related, but there are theories of both (perhaps men and women could both participate in the sport)
  • Energetic theme; everything suggests movement - leaping, holding, having landed - no figure in the picture has not participated in the sport in some way
  • Border itself suggests motion and movement
  • Hints towards what was important in Minoan time – entertainment & energetic sport scenes?
  • The danger, the community aspect of the sport, etc
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13
Q

Acrobat or Bull Leaper (What)

A
  • Ivory figurine, very small (30 cm)
  • Position is similar to the toreador fresco (in motion, curved back, leaping, arms extended and horizontal)
  • Face is more detailed & carved out despite the size
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14
Q

Acrobat or Bull Leaper (Why)

A
  • Represents a more indepth position and look at the gymnastic position of the bull leapers in Crete
  • Perhaps the sport is not necessarily something for entertainment, but something that is more highly organized
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15
Q

Ladies in Blue Fresco (What)

A
  • Elite status woman
  • Elaborate hairstyles (dark hair, long, adorned with circlet-like headpieces), corset, breasts are still exposed; they wear jewelry
  • Darker pieces = the reconstruction
  • Small in comparison, side profiles; central figure = a woman with white skin, elaborate hairstyle, flounced skirt, corset, exposed breasts (open blouse)
  • Hands raised, palms up and facing the sky
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16
Q

Ladies in Blue Fresco (Why)

A
  • The similarities between the Snake Goddess portraits & the Ladies in Blue suggests that a common way of representing women who are of high status is the outfit/headresses
  • Indication of status (if you compare these woman to another fresco, ex the processional fresco where a darker skinned woman is depicted you can see the difference between the rich and the poor in their outfits/artistic portrayal)
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17
Q

Bull’s Head Rhyton (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Minoan (Bull head)

Where: Knossos

When: LM IA (1675 - 1550 BCE)

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18
Q

Bull’s Head Rhyton (What)

A
  • The shape of a bull’s head (including the large horns)
  • Has hole at the top and the bottom so that liquids can be poured out of it
  • Made of serpentine, limestone, rock crystal
  • White band around the nose
  • Rhyton = a ritual vessel used for pouring liquids
  • Vivid realism
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19
Q

Bull’s Head Rhyton

A
  • The prominence of the bull theme
  • Importance of bulls to Minoan people (ritual vessel = religious = important figures)
  • The abilities of Minoan craftsmen to create a realistic looking kind of pouring device
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20
Q

Grandstand Fresco (What)

A
  • Three tiered palatial fresco
  • Range of men and women (spectators - some look like the women in blue, similar hairstyles, clothing)
  • Attending some kind of spectacle
  • Witnesses, bystanders, placed within a specific architectural setting
  • Horns of consecration
  • Much more impressionistic; quick brushstroke to create the idea of dancers and movement, a busy landscape
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21
Q

The Megaron Pylos (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Mycenean

Where: Mycenae

When:

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22
Q

The Citadel - Mycenae (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Mycenaeans

Where: Mycenae

When:

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23
Q

The Lion’s Gate (Who, Where, When)

A

Who: Mycenaen

Where: Mycenae

When:

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24
Q

Grave Circle A - Mycenae

A

Who: Mycenae

Where: Mycenae

When: Excavated by Schliemann in the 18th century; from Mycenaen (?)

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25
Q

The Treasury of Atreus (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Mycenae

Where: Mycenae

When:

26
Q

Warrior Krater

A

Who: Mycenaean

Where: Found in the Acropolis at Mycenae

When: LH IIIB-C

27
Q

Bronze Daggers (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Mycenae

Where: Graves IV & V, Grave Circle A, Mycenae

When: LH I

28
Q

Bull and Lion Head Rhyta (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Mycenaen

Where: Grave IV, Grave circle A, Mycenae

When:

29
Q

Death Masks (Who, where, when)

A

Who: Mycenaean

Where: Grave V, Grave circle A, Mycenae

When: LH I

30
Q

Boar Hunt Fresco (Who, where, when)

A

Who:

Where: Tiryns

When:

31
Q

Greyhound on leash fresco (Who, where, when)

A

Who:

Where: Tiryns

When:

32
Q

Vapheio Cups (Who, where, when)

A

Who:

Where: Tholos burial, Vapheio (Laconia)

When:

33
Q

How many entrance points are there at the palace of Knossos?

A

Four (North, South, East, West)

34
Q

Most pleasing entrance in Palace?

A

West
Furnished with altars (sacrifice), visitor would move to the corridor of procession (walls painted with scenes of procession)
Lead to a greater impact at the moment of arrival

35
Q

Throne Room

A

Small, intimate, not necessarily built to impress

More a shrine than a royal reception room (perhaps)

36
Q

Grave Circle A

A

19 bodies (6 shaft graves; one vaulted I believe)
South of Lion Gate
Not originally a part of the citadel; expanded later to include
Discovered by Schliemann in the 1876
Goods are more precious than B (aka reason for name being A)
(Death masks, decorated daggers, cups, gold jewelry, etc)

37
Q

Death Masks (What)

A
  • Individualized masks that were placed over the faces of the people they were buried one
  • Look flat, although they have definition
  • Gold, thin
38
Q

Death Masks (Why)

A
  • The fact that these masks are individualized suggests an attempt at portraiture & also a high level of respect towards the dead
  • The Mycenaean people wished to immortalize the appearance of these people
  • Demonstrates the luxury and wealth of these people (these were only some of the grave goods found alongside the people)
39
Q

Grave Circle B

A

West of Lion Gate
26 graves (14 shaft, rest cist - 2-5 people in each 24 bodies)
Grave goods were not as rich as Grave Circle A

40
Q

Stelai

A

Upright pieces of limestone which were used to mark the graves (gravemarkers essentially)

41
Q

What was the main shrine signaled by?

A

Horns of Consecration

42
Q

Horns of Consecration

A

Representations of bull’s horns which marked sacred places

43
Q

Chamber with two images of double axes

A

Used for ritual purposes

44
Q

Light well

A

Open spaces in courts without staircases to them (open to the heavens)

45
Q

Pier-And-Door Construction

A

Minoan style construction
Piers alternating with doors in three rows for a great amount of variety in the amount of space used & the distribution of air and light

46
Q

Shaft Graves

A

Deeper, pebbled floors, plank ceiling, rubble masonry walls

Rectangular

47
Q

Cist Graves

A

Shallow, four stones with one on top

48
Q

Sir Arthur Evans

A

Responsible for excavating Knossos

Not such a great archaeologist Mr. I’m Going To Move Stuff Around For Funsies To Make Sets

49
Q

Heinrich Schliemann

A

Excavated Mycenae in 19th century
Was German
Found the DM of Agamemnon; was like “omg” but then everyone was like “actually this is too old” and he was like “dang I guess I gotta say I was wrong”

50
Q

Tell el-Dab’a Connection

A

Egyptian site in the Nile delta with both:

Minoan goods & also Minoan inspired landscapes that echo the naturalism of Minoan art

51
Q

Knossos Palace Walls

A
  • Built of stone
  • Carefully dressed Ashlar blocks, or large rubble walls which were heavily plastered
  • Secured with huge horizontal and vertical wooden Tiebeams
  • Gypsum used for some important walls
52
Q

Minoan V Mycenaean Palace Centers

A

Minoan

  • Large, if you look at the map you can see that the structure is more complexed; built so that it can be expanded upon (suggests flexibility, a society that is willing to adapt and change)
  • Open spaces (pier-and-door construction to allow light and air)
  • The art in the rooms is very naturalistic, all processions and sports, reflections of what is important to them

Mycenaean

  • Large, but less complex; built with rigidity
  • Preferred to be warm over the idea of life, and kept themselves boxed in
  • Their art is much more warrior-like, geometric and rigid
  • Had a megaron (a throne-ish room with a hearth); and a good recreation of it depicts all surfaces covered in geometric patterns
  • Suggests an idea of order, rigidity, the true opposite to Minoan people
  • Large fortified walls, where Minoan people did not really have them (the hill that Knossos was one was yk)
53
Q

West House - Minoan

A
  • Comprises rectangular spaces and corridors forming storage and living quarters
54
Q

Housing complex at Vasilike; House on the Hilltop

A

Made up of dwellings built cheek by jowl over many years
Living quarters which faced a paved court to the west
Represent the beginning of a traditional, albeit different diffuse architecture of Myrtos

55
Q

Pottery in Early Minoan Period

A

Most familiar material of the first phase of Early Minoan culture
Aghios Onouphrios is the best known of its style
Round-bottomed jugs characteristic with dark paint on a light ground; diagonal lines to form lozenges which are repeated around the surface of the pot

56
Q

Pottery in Late Minoan Period

A

Vasilike war
Shapes are the long spouted jug and cup
Decoration relies on mottled effect, to imitate the surface of stone vases
Reddish-brown covers the surface

57
Q

Overarching idea of Minoan Art

A
  • Sense of movement and the freedom of decoration
  • These traits have been used to explain the freedom and mobility of society itself
  • Zoomorphic themes
58
Q

When were the great palaces at Knossos and Phaistos built?

A

Somewhere ~2000 BCE

59
Q

Mallia and Zakro

A
  • Not sure if the LM palaces were copied from MM predecessors
    Zakro may have had a central court
    Destroyed around 1700 BC by an earthquake
60
Q

Knossos and Phaistos v. Mallia and Zakro

A

Palaces at K & P were re-built and expanded
M & Z, palaces arose on the debris of ruined structures
Second palaces can be seen

Greek Art & Architecture (4 decks)

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