5 - UK Human Landscape - Birmingham Case Study Flashcards
What are 5 overall facts of Birmingham?
- A regional hub for transport and manufacturing
- Sports (villa park)
- Business tourism venues (ICC)
- Lots of canals
- Birmingham universitys
What is located in the CBD of Birmingham?
densely built areas, many high-rise buildings, shopping centres
some older buildings, but many have been completely redeveloped
What is located in the inner city areas of Birmingham?
Some redevelopment (Brindley Place – canal side) and some derelict factories due to deindustrialisation and decentralisation, any remaining buildings are from the late 1800s and were terraced housing, back to backs and factories (Digbeth).
What is located in the suburbs?
Richer suburbs (Sutton park)
Poorer suburbs (Washwood Heath)
What is located at the rural-urban fringe?
The rural-urban fringe is protected by a greenbelt and has some villages
How does migration affect a city?
age structure, ethnicity, housing, services, culture
What has migration of students led to?
Studentification
What is studentificaiton?
an increase in the number of young adults and the services begin to reflect this and houses of multiple occupancy develop
What area was most affected by studentification?
Aston
What has international and national migration brought to Brindley palace
A wide variety of highly skilled and high wage workers
Why does areas like Digbeth attract new migrants?
Low housing prices
Why do specific groups of people tend to live near eachother?
culture
Where are more affluent areas found?
near the perphery like Sutton coldfield
What are features of affluent areas?
Higher incomes and newer/improved housing stock, leisure services and large parks leads to improved health. There is good quality education including private schooling.
Features of poorer areas
They have lower employment levels, higher pressure on ageing services and lower school outcomes, leading to a spiral of decline.
Lower income levels and aging housing stock leads to increased health issues
What has deindustrialisation caused in Digbeth?
In Digbeth, deindustrialization has led to depopulation of the area, due to a lack of jobs.
This leads to services closing and people force to move for work and services.
What is a way in which the city can be improved
Rebranding and regeneration
How has rebranding and regeneration been used in Birmingham? (3)
- street cleaning and recycling
- Birmingham has increased the amount of open space through a series of improved and extended urban parks
- Transport has been improved by a tram (aimed at reducing congestion, but only has 14,000 users a day), improved cycle routes and a congestion charge for the city centre have all led to a reduction in the city’s transport related carbon emissions
How has the development of Birmingham effected rural areas? (2)
Surrounding areas buy goods sold in Birmingham, leading to increased human capital
People moving into rural areas due to counter-urbanisation
What is counter-urbanisation?
The movement of people from the towns/cities into smaller villages and the countryside, often as a result of a lack of housing, improved transport, flexi homeworking contracts and improved telecommunications
What housing challenges does the changing rural areas around Birmingham face?
Rural areas face issues with availability (not enough) and affordability (too expensive) of housing as there is increased demand from the next generation, migrants and retirees.
What job challenges does the changing rural areas around Birmingham face?
A decline in primary employment (farming – less jobs available due to mechanisation and cheaper imports, forestry, fishing and mining – cheaper imports and exhaustion of mineral deposits)
What Quality of life challenges does the changing rural areas around Birmingham face?
This limited income means that there is often a spiral of decline leading to rural deprivation (healthcare and health services close)
What opportunities does the rural areas around Birmingham have?
New income and economic opportunities can be created by rural diversification (farm shops) and tourism projects
What are some problems with the changing rural area’s opportunities?
these may have environmental impacts such as increased numbers of visitors, footpath erosion, soil erosion and noise pollution
